Vala isikhangiso

Wayedinga cishe eminyakeni emihlanu edlule UJohny Ive, inhloko yokuklama kwa-Apple, ukwengeza isici esisha ku-MacBook: ukukhanya okuncane okuluhlaza eduze kwekhamera yangaphambili. Lokho kuzomkhombisa ukuthi aqhubeke. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomzimba we-aluminium we-MacBook, ukukhanya kuzodingeka kukwazi ukudlula ensimbi - okungenakwenzeka ngokomzimba. Ngakho-ke wabiza onjiniyela abahamba phambili eCupertino ukuthi bazosiza. Bendawonye, ​​bathola ukuthi bangasebenzisa amalaza akhethekile ayezoba izimbobo ezincane ensimbi, engabonakali ngeso, kodwa avumele ukukhanya kudlule. Bathola inkampani yaseMelika egxile ekusetshenzisweni kwama-lasers, futhi ngemva kokulungiswa okuncane, ubuchwepheshe babo bungafeza injongo enikeziwe.

Nakuba i-laser eyodwa enjalo ibiza cishe ama-dollar angu-250, i-Apple yaqinisekisa abamele le nkampani ukuthi bangene kwinkontileka ekhethekile ne-Apple. Kusukela lapho, i-Apple ibilokhu iyikhasimende layo elithembekile, ithenga amakhulukhulu anjalo amathuluzi e-laser okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukudala amachashaza aluhlaza kumakhibhodi namalaptop.

Ngokusobala, bambalwa abantu abake bayeka ukucabanga ngale mininingwane. Kodwa-ke, indlela inkampani exazulule ngayo le nkinga ifanekisela konke ukusebenza kochungechunge lokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-Apple. Njengenhloko yenhlangano ekhiqizayo, u-Tim Cook usize inkampani yakhe i-ecosystem yabahlinzeki abangaphansi kolawulo oluphelele lukaCupertino. Ngenxa yezingxoxo namakhono enhlangano, i-Apple ithola izaphulelo ezinkulu kubo bobabili abahlinzeki kanye nezinkampani zokuthutha. Le nhlangano ecishe iphelele yokukhiqiza ingemuva kwengcebo ehlala ikhula yenkampani, ekwazi ukugcina isilinganiso esingu-40% semajini emikhiqizweni. Izinombolo ezinjalo azinakuqhathaniswa embonini yehadiwe.

[yenza isenzo=”caphuna”]Ozithembayo u-Tim Cook nethimba lakhe bangaphinde basibonise indlela yokwenza imali kumabonakude.[/do]

Ukuphatha okuphelele kwayo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa ukuthengisa, kuvumele i-Apple ukuthi ibuse imboni eyaziwa ngamaphethelo aphansi: omakhalekhukhwini. Nalapho, izimbangi nabahlaziyi baxwayise inkampani ngesitayela esithile sokuthengisa omakhalekhukhwini. Kepha i-Apple ayizange ithathe izeluleko zabo futhi yasebenzisa kuphela ulwazi lwayo oluqoqwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 - futhi yakhuthaza imboni. Uma sikholelwa ukuthi i-Apple izokhulula ngempela isethi yayo ye-TV esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, lapho imingcele ilandelana ngamaphesenti angu-XNUMX, u-Tim Cook ozethembayo kanye neqembu lakhe bangaphinde basibonise indlela yokwenza imali kumathelevishini.

I-Apple yaqala ngalokhu kugcizelelwa kwenhlangano yokukhiqiza nabahlinzeki ngokushesha ngemva kokuba uSteve Jobs ebuyele enkampanini ngo-1997. I-Apple yayisele izinyanga ezintathu kuphela ekuqoqweni. Wayenezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezigcwele zemikhiqizo engadayiswa. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi, iningi labakhiqizi bama-computer babengenisa imikhiqizo yabo ngolwandle. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kutholwe i-iMac entsha, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ebonakala kancane emakethe yase-US ngesikhathi sikaKhisimusi, uSteve Jobs uthenge zonke izihlalo ezitholakalayo ezindizeni ezithwala impahla nge-$50 million. Lokhu kamuva kwenza ukuthi abanye abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukuletha imikhiqizo yabo kumakhasimende ngesikhathi. Iqhinga elifanayo lasetshenziswa ngenkathi ukuthengiswa kwesidlali somculo se-iPod kuqala ngo-2001. UCupertino uthole ukuthi kwakushibhile ukuhambisa abadlali ngokuqondile kumakhasimende asuka e-China, ngakho bavele beqa ukuthunyelwa e-US.

Ukugcizelelwa kobuhle bokukhiqiza kufakazelwa nawukuthi u-Johny Ive nethimba lakhe bavame ukuchitha izinyanga emahhotela ngenkathi bevakashela abahlinzeki bempahla beyohlola izinqubo zokukhiqiza. Lapho i-aluminium unibody MacBook iqala ukwenziwa, kwathatha izinyanga ukuthi iqembu le-Apple laneliseke futhi kuqalwe ukukhiqizwa okugcwele. "Banesu elicace kakhulu, futhi yonke ingxenye yenqubo iqhutshwa yilelosu," kusho uMatthew Davis, umhlaziyi we-supply chain e-Gartner. Minyaka yonke (kusukela ngo-2007) ibiza isu le-Apple njengelihamba phambili emhlabeni.

[yenza isenzo=”caphuna”]Isu lenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba namalungelo angakaze azwakale phakathi kwabahlinzeki.[/do]

Uma kufika isikhathi sokwenza imikhiqizo, i-Apple ayinankinga nezimali. Inemali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama- $ 100 etholakalayo ukuthi isetshenziswe ngokushesha, futhi yengeza ukuthi ihlose ukuphinda kabili isamba esikhulu sama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-7,1 esitshala ngaso ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla kulo nyaka. Noma kunjalo, ikhokha ngaphezulu kwama- $ 2,4 wezigidigidi kubahlinzeki nangaphambi kokuba ukukhiqizwa kuqale. Leli qhinga lenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba namalungelo angakaze azwakale phakathi kwabahlinzeki. Isibonelo, ngo-Ephreli 2010, lapho i-iPhone 4 iqala ukukhiqiza, izinkampani ezifana ne-HTC zazingenakho ukuboniswa okwanele kwamafoni azo ngoba abakhiqizi babethengisa konke ukukhiqizwa ku-Apple. Ukubambezeleka kwezingxenye kwesinye isikhathi kukhuphukela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, ikakhulukazi lapho i-Apple ikhipha umkhiqizo omusha.

Ukuqagela kusengaphambili mayelana nemikhiqizo emisha kuvame ukugqugquzelwa isexwayiso sika-Apple sokungavumeli noma yiluphi ulwazi luvuze ngaphambi kokwethulwa ngokusemthethweni komkhiqizo. Okungenani kanye, i-Apple yathumela imikhiqizo yayo emabhokisini katamatisi ukunciphisa amathuba okuvuza. Abasebenzi bakwa-Apple babheka yonke into - kusukela ekudlulisweni kwamaveni kuya ezindizeni kuya ekusatshalalisweni ezitolo - ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi akukho nesisodwa isiqeshana esiphelela ezandleni ezingalungile.

Izinzuzo ezinkulu ze-Apple, ezihamba cishe ku-40% wesamba semali engenayo, ziyabonakala. Ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwe-supply chain chain. Leli su lapheleliswa nguTim Cook iminyaka, namanje ngaphansi kwephiko likaSteve Jobs. Cishe singaqiniseka ukuthi u-Cook, njenge-CEO, uzoqhubeka nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwa-Apple. Ngoba umkhiqizo ofanele ngesikhathi esifanele ungashintsha yonke into. U-Cook uvame ukusebenzisa isifaniso salesi simo: "Akekho umuntu onentshisekelo obisini olumuncu."

Umthombo: Businessweek.com
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