Pavel Jelic Engqungqutheleni kanjiniyela yalo nyaka i-WWDC22, sibone izinto ezintsha ezimbalwa. Njengoba bekulindelekile, i-Apple ifike nezinhlelo ezintsha ze-iOS ne-iPadOS 16, i-macOS 13 Ventura ne-watchOS 9, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, siphinde sabona ukwethulwa kwe-chip entsha ye-M2, efakwe i-Apple ku-13 ″ MacBook Pro kanye i-MacBook Air ehlelwe kabusha ngokuphelele. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka i-chip ye-M2 entsha futhi sikutshele izinto ezingu-7 okufanele uzazi ngayo.
Kungaba njalo okuthakaselayo
Le yi-SoC
Lapho abantu abaningi becabanga ngekhompyutha, bacabanga ngomzimba ogcina izingxenye ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo: iprosesa (CPU), i-graphics accelerator (GPU), inkumbulo (RAM), nokugcinwa. Zonke lezi zingxenye zibe sezixhunywa nge-motherboard futhi zakha yonke. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusebenzi kumadivayisi ane-Apple Silicon chips, njengoba ebizwa ngokuthi amasistimu ku-chip, okungukuthi i-System-on-Chip (SoC). Ngokuqondile, lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe yonke ikhompuyutha iku-chip eyodwa - esimweni se-Apple Silicon, yi-CPU, i-GPU nememori ehlanganisiwe, ngakho isitoreji esisodwa asisabuzwa.
Inombolo yama-cores
Uma unentshisekelo kokwenzeka emhlabeni we-Apple, kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele i-chip yokuqala ye-Apple Silicon ebhalwe ukuthi M1. I-M2 entsha ilandela ngqo le chip futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ize nokuthuthuka okuningana. Ngokuqondene nama-CPU cores, i-M2 inikeza isamba esingu-8, njenge-chip ye-M1. Kodwa-ke, siyawubona umehluko ku-GPU - lapha i-M2 inama-cores angu-8 noma angu-10, kuyilapho i-M1 inama-cores "kuphela" angu-8 (noma ama-cores angu-7 ku-MacBook Air M1 eyisisekelo). Emkhakheni we-CPU, i-chip ye-M2 ithuthuke ngo-1% uma iqhathaniswa ne-M18, futhi emkhakheni we-GPU ngafika ku-35%.
IMacBook Air entsha ine-M2 chip
Inkumbulo ehlanganisiwe enkulu
Ekhasini eledlule, sithe i-M2 ihlinzeka ngokuyinhloko nge-GPU enamandla kakhulu enama-cores afika kwangu-10. Iqiniso liwukuthi sibone into efanayo ngenkumbulo ebumbene. Nge-chip ye-M1, abasebenzisi bangakhetha kuphela ezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili - okuyisisekelo okungu-8 GB kanye ngokunokwenzeka no-16 GB kubasebenzisi abafuna kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, le 16 GB kungenzeka ibinganele kwabanye abasebenzisi, ngakho-ke i-Apple iqhamuke nokwehluka kwememori ephezulu ephezulu enamandla angu-2 GB we-chip ye-M24. Abasebenzisi abanamadivayisi ane-M2 banokukhetha kwezinhlobonhlobo ezintathu zememori efanayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngisho nabantu abafuna kakhulu bazothola indlela yabo.
Ukudluliswa kwememori
Umkhawulokudonsa wayo ubuye uhlotshaniswe ngqo nenkumbulo ehlanganisiwe, okuyisibalo esibaluleke kakhulu. Ukudluliswa kwememori kubonisa ngokuqondile ukuthi ingakanani idatha ngomzuzwana inkumbulo engasebenza ngayo. Ngenkathi i-chip ye-M1 yayimayelana ne-70 GB / s, esimweni sememori ye-M2 kwakukhona ukwanda okukhulu ku-100 GB / s, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okusheshayo nakakhulu.
Inani lama-transistors
Ama-Transistors ayingxenye ebalulekile yanoma iyiphi i-chip, futhi ukukhuluma nje, inombolo yawo ingasetshenziswa ukunquma ukuthi i-chip ethile iyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani. Ngokuqondile, i-chip ye-M2 inama-transistors ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-20, kanti i-M1 chip inedlanzana, okungukuthi i-16 billion. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, esihlokweni senani lama-transistors, kwasungulwa uMthetho kaMoore, othi “inani lama-transistors angafakwa kusekethe edidiyelwe lizophindeka kabili cishe njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-18 kuyilapho kugcinwa inani elifanayo”. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, lo mthetho awusasebenzi, njengoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukwandisa inani lama-transistors kuma-chips kuba nzima nakakhulu.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza
Olunye ulwazi olubalulekile olungahlobene ne-chip kuphela, kodwa ikakhulukazi kuma-transistors ayo, inqubo yokukhiqiza. Lokhu okwamanje kunikezwa ngama-nanometers futhi kunquma ibanga phakathi kwezakhi ezimbili ku-chip, kulokhu phakathi kwama-electrode kuma-transistors. Uma inqubo yokukhiqiza incane, kuba ngcono indawo ku-chip ethile (izikhala zincane). I-chip ye-M1 ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa inqubo yokukhiqiza engu-5nm, njenge-M2. Kufanele kukhulunywe, nokho, ukuthi i-chip entsha ye-M2 isebenzisa inqubo yokukhiqiza yesizukulwane sesibili ye-5nm, engcono kancane kunesizukulwane sokuqala. Kuma-chip alandelayo, kufanele silinde ukuthunyelwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza engu-3nm, ngakho sizobona ukuthi izophumelela yini.
Injini yemidiya
Okokugcina okufanele ukwazi nge-chip ye-M2 ukuthi inenjini yemidiya i-M1 chip yangaphambilini engakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngayo futhi i-M1 Pro, Max kanye ne-Ultra chips kuphela enayo. Injini yemidiya izobongwa ikakhulukazi abantu abasebenza ngevidiyo ku-Mac, i.e. ukuthi bahlele, basike futhi banikeze ividiyo. Injini yemidiya ingathuthukisa kangcono umsebenzi ngevidiyo futhi isheshise ngokuphawulekayo ukunikezwa kokugcina. Ngokukhethekile, injini yemidiya kuma-Apple Silicon chips isekela ukusheshisa kwehadiwe kwe-H.264, HEVC, ProRes kanye ne-ProRes RAW codec.
