UJiří Filip I-Apple namuhla imemezele izinguquko ku-iOS, Safari kanye ne-App Store ezithinta izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithuthukiswe abathuthukisi be-European Union (EU) ukuze zihambisane noMthetho Wezimakethe Zedijithali (i-DMA). Izinguquko zibandakanya ama-API amasha angaphezu kuka-600, izibalo zohlelo lokusebenza ezinwetshiwe, izici zezinye iziphequluli, nokucubungula inkokhelo yohlelo lokusebenza namandla okusabalalisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-iOS. Njengengxenye yoshintsho ngalunye, i-Apple yethula izivikelo ezintsha ezinciphisa - kodwa ezingaqedi - ubungozi obusha obubangelwa i-DMA kubasebenzisi base-EU. Ngalezi zinyathelo, i-Apple izoqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezihamba phambili nezivikeleke kakhulu kubasebenzisi abase-EU.
Ukucubungula izinkokhelo ezintsha namandla okulanda uhlelo lokusebenza ku-iOS avula amathuba amasha ohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, imikhonyovu nokukhwabanisa, okuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni nokulimazayo, nezinye izinsongo zobumfihlo nokuvikeleka. Kungakho i-Apple yenza izivikelo - okuhlanganisa ukwaziswa ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-iOS, ukugunyazwa konjiniyela wendawo yemakethe nokunye ukudalulwa kokukhokha - ukunciphisa ubungozi nokuhlinzeka ngolwazi olungcono kakhulu nokuphephe kunazo zonke kubasebenzisi be-EU. Ngisho nangemva kokuba lezi zivikelo sezikhona, ziningi izingozi ezisekhona.
Onjiniyela bangafunda ngalezi zinguquko ekhasini losekelo likanjiniyela we-Apple futhi bangaqala ukuhlola izici ezintsha ku-iOS 17.4 beta namuhla. Izici ezintsha zizotholakala kubasebenzisi emazweni angama-27 e-EU kusukela ngoMashi 2024.
"Izinguquko esizimemezelayo namuhla zihambisana nezidingo zoMthetho Wezimakethe Zedijithali e-European Union, kuyilapho zisiza ukuvikela abasebenzisi be-EU ekunyukeni okungenakugwemeka kobumfihlo kanye nezinsongo zokuphepha ezilethwa yilo mthetho. Okuhamba phambili kwethu kusewukudala indawo engcono kakhulu nevikeleke kakhulu kubasebenzisi bethu e-EU nasemhlabeni wonke, "kusho uPhil Schiller, ozakwabo kwa-Apple. “Onjiniyela manje bangafunda mayelana namathuluzi amasha nemigomo etholakalayo yokusabalalisa uhlelo lokusebenza nokunye ukucubungula inkokhelo, esinye isiphequluli esisha nezinketho zokukhokha ngaphandle kokuthinta, nokuningi. Okubalulekile ukuthi abathuthukisi bangakhetha ukunamathela emigomeni yebhizinisi efanayo nanamuhla uma lokho kubafanela.”
Izinguquko zezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-EU zibonisa ukuqokwa kweKhomishini YaseYurophu kwe-iOS, iSafari kanye ne-App Store "njengamasevisi engxenyekazi ebalulekile" ngaphansi koMthetho Wezimakethe Zedijithali. NgoMashi, i-Apple izokwabelana ngezinsiza ezintsha zokusiza abasebenzisi be-EU baqonde izinguquko abangazilindela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isiqondiso sokusiza abasebenzisi be-EU bazulazule ezinkingeni ezilethwa izinguquko kuMthetho Wenkundla Yedijithali - okuhlanganisa ukuzizwisa komsebenzisi okungaqondanga - kanye nemikhuba engcono kakhulu yokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezingozi ezintsha ezihlobene nokulandwa kohlelo lokusebenza nokucubungula inkokhelo ngaphandle kwe-App Store.
Itholakalela izinhlelo zokusebenza zonjiniyela emhlabeni wonke, i-Apple iphinde yamemezela amandla amasha okusakaza imidlalo kanye nokukhishwa okuzayo okungaphezulu kuka-50 ezindaweni ezifana nokuzibandakanya, ukuhweba, ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lokusebenza nokuningi.
Izinguquko ku-iOS
E-EU, i-Apple yenza izinguquko eziningi ku-iOS ukuze ihlangabezane nezimfuneko ze-DMA. Konjiniyela, lezi zinguquko zihlanganisa izinketho ezintsha zokusabalalisa uhlelo lokusebenza. Izinguquko ezizayo ku-iOS e-EU zihlanganisa:
Izinketho ezintsha zokusabalalisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS kwezinye izimakethe - kufaka phakathi ama-API amasha namathuluzi okuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi banikeze izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ze-iOS ukuze zilandwe kwezinye izimakethe.
Uhlaka olusha kanye ne-API yokudala ezinye izimakethe zohlelo lokusebenza - vumela abathuthukisi bemakethe ukuthi bafake izinhlelo zokusebenza futhi baphathe izibuyekezo egameni labanye onjiniyela kusukela kuhlelo lwabo lokusebenza lwemakethe oluzinikele.
Izinhlaka ezintsha nama-API kwezinye iziphequluli - vumela onjiniyela ukuthi basebenzise iziphequluli ngaphandle kwe-WebKit kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zesiphequluli nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinolwazi lokuphequlula lwangaphakathi nohlelo.
Ifomu lesicelo sokusebenzisana - abathuthukisi bangafaka izicelo ezengeziwe zokusebenzisa i-iPhone ne-iOS hardware nezici zesofthiwe lapha.
Njengoba kumenyezelwe yi-European Commission, i-Apple futhi yabelana ngezinguquko zokuthobela i-DMA ezithinta ukukhokha ngaphandle kokuthinta. Lokhu kufaka i-API entsha evumela onjiniyela ukuthi basebenzise ubuchwepheshe be-NFC ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zamabhange namawalethi kuyo yonke i-European Economic Area. Futhi e-EU, i-Apple yethula izilawuli ezintsha ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhethe uhlelo lokusebenza lwezinkampani zangaphandle - noma enye indawo yemakethe yohlelo lokusebenza - njengohlelo lwabo oluzenzakalelayo lokukhokha ngaphandle kokuthinta.
Izinketho ezintsha zezinhlelo zokusebenza zonjiniyela we-EU zidala ubungozi obusha kubasebenzisi be-Apple namadivayisi wabo. I-Apple ayikwazi ukuqeda lezi zingozi, kodwa izothatha izinyathelo zokuzinciphisa ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ebekwe yi-DMA. Lezi zivikelo zizosebenza uma abasebenzisi sebedawuniloda i-iOS 17.4 noma eyakamuva, kusukela ngoMashi, futhi zifaka phakathi:
Ukwaziswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS - isilawuli esiyisisekelo esisebenza kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isiphi isiteshi sokusabalalisa sazo, esigxile kubuqotho benkundla nokuvikelwa komsebenzisi. I-Notarization ihlanganisa inhlanganisela yokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo nokubuyekezwa komuntu.
Amashidi okufaka isicelo – ezisebenzisa ulwazi olusuka kunqubo yokubhalisa ukuze inikeze incazelo ecacile yezinhlelo zokusebenza nezici zazo ngaphambi kokulanda, okuhlanganisa unjiniyela, izithombe-skrini, nolunye ulwazi olubalulekile.
Ukugunyazwa konjiniyela ezimakethe - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi onjiniyela ezimakethe bazibophezela ezidingweni eziqhubekayo ezisiza ukuvikela abasebenzisi nonjiniyela.
Ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kuhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha – okuvimbela izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS ukuthi zisebenze uma kutholakala ukuthi ziqukethe uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ngemuva kokufakwa kudivayisi yomsebenzisi.
Lezi zivikelo - ezifaka ukwaziswa ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-iOS kanye nokugunyazwa konjiniyela wendawo yemakethe - kusiza ukunciphisa ubungozi obuthile kubumfihlo nokuphepha kwabasebenzisi be-iOS e-EU. Lokhu kubandakanya izinsongo ezifana nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha noma ikhodi engalungile, kanye nezingozi zokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanekezela ukusebenza kwazo noma unjiniyela onesibopho.
Nokho, i-Apple inamandla amancane okubhekana nezinye izingozi—okuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziqukethe ukukhwabanisa, ukukhohlisa, nokuhlukumeza, noma ezidalula abasebenzisi kokuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni, okungalungile, noma okulimazayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa ezinye iziphequluli - ngaphandle kweWebKit ye-Apple - zingase zibe nomthelela omubi okuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi, okuhlanganisa imithelela ekusebenzeni kwesistimu nempilo yebhethri.
Ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ye-DMA, i-Apple izibophezele ekuvikeleni ubumfihlo, ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi yolwazi olunzulu ngomsebenzisi we-iOS e-EU ngangokunokwenzeka. Isibonelo, Ukubonisa ngale Kokulandelela Uhlelo Lokusebenza kuzoqhubeka kusebenzele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisatshalaliswa ngaphandle kwe-App Store—okudinga imvume yomsebenzisi ngaphambi kokuthi unjiniyela akwazi ukulandelela idatha yakhe ezinhlelweni zokusebenza noma kumawebhusayithi. Nokho, izimfuneko ze-DMA zisho ukuthi izici ze-App Store - okuhlanganisa ukwabelana kokuthenga komndeni kanye nezici zokuthi Cela Ukuthenga - ngeke zihambisane nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilandwe ngaphandle kwe-App Store.
Lapho lezi zinguquko ziqala ukusebenza ngoMashi, i-Apple izokwabelana ngezinsiza ezinemininingwane eyengeziwe echaza izinketho ezitholakala kubasebenzisi - okuhlanganisa nemikhuba engcono kakhulu yokuvikela ubumfihlo babo nokuphepha.
Izinguquko kusiphequluli se-Safari
Namuhla, abasebenzisi be-iOS sebevele benenketho yokusetha uhlelo lokusebenza ngaphandle kweSafari njengesiphequluli sabo sewebhu esizenzakalelayo. Ngokuvumelana nezidingo ze-DMA, i-Apple futhi yethula isikrini esisha sokukhetha esivela lapho uqala ukuvula iSafari ku-iOS 17.4 noma kamuva. Lesi sikrini sazisa abasebenzisi be-EU ukuthi bakhethe isiphequluli sabo esizenzakalelayo ohlwini lwezinketho.
Lolu shintsho luwumphumela wezidingo ze-DMA futhi lusho ukuthi abasebenzisi be-EU bazobhekana nohlu lweziphequluli ezizenzakalelayo ngaphambi kokuba babe nethuba lokuqonda izinketho ezitholakalayo kubo. Isikrini sizophinde siphazamise ulwazi lwabasebenzisi be-EU lapho beqala ukuvula iSafari ngenhloso yokuya ekhasini lewebhu.
Izinguquko ku-App Store
Ku-App Store, i-Apple yabelana ngochungechunge lwezinguquko zonjiniyela bohlelo lokusebenza be-EU ezisebenza ezinhlelweni zokusebenza kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Apple - okuhlanganisa i-iOS, i-iPadOS, i-macOS, i-watchOS ne-tvOS. Lezi zinguquko zihlanganisa nolwazi olusha olwazisa abasebenzisi e-EU mayelana nezingozi ezihlobene nokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela ukuvikela ukucutshungulwa kokukhokha ku-App Store.
Konjiniyela, lezi zinguquko zihlanganisa:
- Izindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zokukhokha (PSP) – ngaphakathi kwesicelo sikanjiniyela sokucubungula izinkokhelo zezimpahla namasevisi edijithali.
- Izinketho ezintsha zokucubungula inkokhelo nge-link-out – lapho abasebenzisi bengaqedela umsebenzi wezimpahla zedijithali namasevisi kuwebhusayithi yangaphandle yonjiniyela. Onjiniyela bangakwazi futhi ukwazisa abasebenzisi ku-EU mayelana namaphromoshini, izaphulelo nokunye okunikezwayo okutholakala ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza.
- Amathuluzi okuhlela ibhizinisi – ukuze onjiniyela balinganisele izinkokhelo futhi baqonde amamethrikhi ahlobene nemigomo yebhizinisi emisha ye-Apple yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-EU.
- Izinguquko zihlanganisa nezinyathelo ezintsha zokuvikela nokwazisa abasebenzisi e-EU, okuhlanganisa: amalebula amakhasi omkhiqizo we-App Store – elazisa abasebenzisi ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza abalilandayo lisebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokucubungula inkokhelo.
- Amaphepha olwazi kuzicelo - eyazisa abasebenzisi uma bengasasebenzisani ne-Apple nalapho unjiniyela ebathumela ukuthi basebenze ngenye indlela yokukhokha.
- Izinqubo zokubuyekeza isicelo esisha - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi onjiniyela babika ngokunembile ulwazi mayelana nemisebenzi esebenzisa ezinye izicubunguli zokukhokha.
- Ukuphatheka kwedatha okunwetshiwe kuwebhusayithi ye-Apple Data & Privacy - lapho abasebenzisi be-EU bengathola idatha entsha mayelana nokusebenzisa kwabo Isitolo Sohlelo Lokusebenza futhi bayithumele enkampanini yangaphandle egunyaziwe.
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokucubungula inkokhelo, i-Apple ngeke ikwazi ukubuyisela futhi ngeke ikwazi ukusekela amakhasimende ahlangabezana nezinkinga, ukukhwabanisa noma ukukhwabanisa. Le misebenzi futhi ngeke ibonise izici eziwusizo ze-App Store, ezifana nokuthi Bika inkinga, ukwabelana komndeni, kanye nokucela ukuthenga. Abasebenzisi kungase kudingeke ukuthi babelane ngolwazi lwabo lokukhokha nabanye abathintekayo, okudale amathuba engeziwe okuba abadlali ababi bantshontshe ulwazi lwezezimali olubucayi. Futhi Ku-App Store, umlando wokuthenga wabasebenzisi nokuphathwa kokubhaliselwe kuzobonisa kuphela imisebenzi eyenziwe kusetshenziswa isistimu yokuthenga yangaphakathi nohlelo ye-App Store.
Izimo ezintsha zebhizinisi zezicelo e-EU
I-Apple iphinde yashicilela imigomo emisha yebhizinisi yezinhlelo zokusebenza zonjiniyela e-European Union namuhla. Onjiniyela bangakhetha ukwamukela le migomo emisha yebhizinisi noma banamathele kumigomo ekhona ye-Apple. Onjiniyela kufanele bamukele imigomo emisha yebhizinisi yezicelo ze-EU ukuze basebenzise enye indlela entsha yokusabalalisa noma ezinye izinketho zokucubungula izinkokhelo.
Imigomo emisha yebhizinisi yezicelo ze-EU iyadingeka ukuze kusekelwe izimfuneko ze-DMA zokunye ukusatshalaliswa nokucubungula inkokhelo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isakhiwo senkokhelo esibonisa izindlela eziningi i-Apple edala ngayo inani lamabhizinisi onjiniyela—okuhlanganisa ukusatshalaliswa nokusesha kwe-App Store, ukucubungula okuvikelekile kokukhokha kwe-App Store, inkundla yeselula ethenjwayo nevikelekile ye-Apple, nawo wonke amathuluzi nobuchwepheshe bokudala nokwabelana ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha. nabasebenzisi emhlabeni jikelele.
Onjiniyela abasebenza ngaphansi kwayo yomibili imigomo yebhizinisi bangaqhubeka nokusebenzisa ukucubungula ukukhokha okuvikelekile ku-App Store futhi babelane ngezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ku-EU App Store. Futhi womabili amasethi emigomo abonisa ukuzibophezela kwe-Apple kwesikhathi eside ekwenzeni i-ecosystem yohlelo lokusebenza ithuba elingcono kakhulu labo bonke onjiniyela.
Onjiniyela abasebenza ngaphansi kwemigomo emisha yebhizinisi bazokwazi ukusabalalisa izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ze-iOS kusukela ku-App Store kanye/noma ezinye izimakethe zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Laba bathuthukisi bangaphinde bakhethe ukusebenzisa ezinye izicubunguli zokukhokha kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Apple ezinhlelweni zabo zokusebenza ze-EU ku-App Store.
Imigomo emisha yebhizinisi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS e-EU inezici ezintathu:
- Ikhomishini encishisiwe - Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS ku-App Store zizokhokha ikhomishini encishisiwe engu-10% (kuningi lonjiniyela nokubhaliselwe ngemva konyaka wokuqala) noma u-17% ekuthengeni kwezimpahla namasevisi edijithali.
- Inkokhelo yokucubungula inkokhelo – Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS ku-App Store zingasebenzisa ukucutshungulwa kokukhokha kwe-App Store ngenkokhelo eyengeziwe engamaphesenti angu-3. Onjiniyela bangasebenzisa abahlinzeki besevisi yokukhokha ngaphakathi kohlelo lwabo lokusebenza noma bathumele abasebenzisi kuwebhusayithi yabo ukuze bacubungule izinkokhelo ngaphandle kwezindleko ezengeziwe kwa-Apple.
- Imali eyisisekelo yobuchwepheshe – Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS ezisatshalaliswa kusukela ku-App Store kanye/noma enye indawo yemakethe yohlelo lokusebenza izokhokha u-€0,50 ngokufakwa ngakunye kokuqala konyaka ngonyaka ngaphezu komkhawulo oyisigidi esingu-1.
Abathuthukisi bezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iPadOS, macOS, watchOS kanye ne-tvOS e-EU abacubungula izinkokhelo besebenzisa i-PSP noma isixhumanisi sewebhusayithi yabo bazothola isaphulelo samaphesenti amathathu kukhomishini ekweletwa i-Apple.
I-Apple futhi yabelana ngethuluzi lokubala lemali kanye nemibiko emisha ukusiza onjiniyela balinganise umthelela ongaba khona wemigomo yebhizinisi emisha ebhizinisini labo lezinhlelo zokusebenza. Onjiniyela bangafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinguquko zezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-EU ekhasini elisha losekelo likanjiniyela we-Apple futhi bangaqala ukuhlola lezi zici ku-beta ye-iOS 17.4 namuhla.
