Ama-chips aku-iPhone azokwenziwa eMelika. Kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwabo kuzoba ngemuva

Tim Cook uvakashelwe kanye noMongameli waseMelika uJoe Biden, ifektri ezayo ye-TSMC ye-semiconductor e-Phoenix, e-Arizona. Kodwa lesi singeniso esiyisicefe esihlokweni sisho okungaphezu kwalokho esingase sibonakale ngaso ekuqaleni. U-Cook ukuqinisekisile ukuthi ama-chips wamadivayisi we-Apple azokhiqizwa lapha, azothwala ngokuziqhenya ilebula ethi Made in America, futhi lesi yisinyathelo esikhulu enkingeni eqhubekayo ye-chip. 

I-TSMC inguzakwethu we-Apple ekukhiqizeni ama-Apple Silicon chips asetshenziswa kuyo yonke imikhiqizo yayo. I-Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company ingumkhiqizi ozimele omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni ozimele wamadiski e-semiconductor, okuthi, nakuba ikomkhulu lawo e-Hsinchu Science Park e-Hsinchu, e-Taiwan, inamanye amagatsha eYurophu, e-Japan, e-China, eNingizimu Korea, e-India naseNyakatho Melika.

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Ngaphezu kwe-Apple, i-TSMC ibambisana nabakhiqizi bomhlaba wonke bamaphrosesa namasekethe ahlanganisiwe, afana neQualcomm, Broadcom, MediaTek, Altera, Marvell, NVIDIA, AMD nabanye. Ngisho nabakhiqizi bama-chip abangabanikazi bamakhono athile e-semiconductor bakhipha ingxenye yomkhiqizo wabo ku-TSMC. Njengamanje, inkampani ingumholi wezobuchwepheshe emkhakheni we-semiconductor chips, njengoba inikeza izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziphambili kakhulu. Imboni entsha kulindeleke ukuthi ikhiqize ama-chips ochungechunge A asetshenziswa kuma-iPhones, ama-iPads nama-Apple TVs, kanye nama-M chips asetshenziswa kuma-Mac kanye nama-iPads asevele ekhona.

Ukulethwa okusheshayo 

Imboni entsha yamakhasimende e-TSMC aseMelika imane isho ukulethwa okusheshayo kwama-chips ayindlala. U-Apple manje kwadingeka athenge wonke ama-chips "phezu kolwandle", futhi manje kuzoba "ngemali encane". Emcimbini wayo wokuqala womphakathi, i-TSMC yemukele amakhasimende, abasebenzi, abaholi bendawo nezintatheli ukuthi zivakashele ifektri entsha (noma okungenani ngaphandle kwayo). U-Biden futhi unesikweletu sakhe ngawo wonke umcimbi ngokusayina lokho okubizwa nge-CHIPS Act esebenzisana nezigidigidi zamaRandi ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhiqizwa kwama-semiconductors okwenzeka e-US, uCook naye wambonga khona lapho.

Igalari yezithombe #2

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Kodwa-ke, i-Apple ithe "izoqhubeka nokuklama kanye nonjiniyela" imikhiqizo ebalulekile e-United States futhi "iqhubeke nokujulisa" ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo emnothweni. Okungase kube kuhle ukukusho, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi abahlanganisi basesitelekeni e-China futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-iPhone 14 Pro kuyamangaza kuwukuphikisana okucacile kwalezi zitatimende eziphakeme. Isitshalo esisha se-TSMC e-Arizona ngeke sivulwe kuze kube ngu-2024.

Izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezindala 

Ekuqaleni, ifektri bekufanele igxile ekukhiqizeni ama-chips angu-5nm, kodwa kamuva nje kumenyezelwe ukuthi izosebenzisa inqubo ye-4nm esikhundleni. Kodwa-ke, lobu buchwepheshe busalele ngemuva kwezinhlelo ezimenyezelwe ze-Apple zokushintshela ku-3nm inqubo ekuqaleni kuka-2023. Kulandela ngokucacile ukuthi, isibonelo, ama-chips ama-iPhones amasha ngeke akhiqizwe lapha noma kunjalo, kodwa lawo amadala, i.e. Amadivayisi azokhiqizwa (i-A16 Bionic ku-iPhone 14 Pro kanye nama-M2 chips akhiqizwa inqubo ye-5nm). Kuphela ngo-2026 kuzovulwa imboni yesibili, ezobe isivele ikhethekile kuma-chips angu-3nm, okuyizinto ezincane kunazo zonke futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa sezivele zikhiqizwa namuhla. Phela, i-TSMC kufanele yethule inqubo ye-2nm ezitshalweni zayo ezinkulu ekuqaleni kuka-2025.

Igalari yezithombe #3

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I-TSMC itshala amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-40 kuyo yonke iphrojekthi, okuwukuthi, ngemva kwakho konke, utshalomali oluqondile olukhulu lwangaphandle ekukhiqizeni olwake lwenziwa e-US. Lezi zimboni ezimbili zizokhiqiza ama-wafers angaphezu kuka-2026 ngonyaka ngo-600, okufanele ngabe anele ukumboza zonke izidingo zaseMelika zama-chips athuthukile, ngokusho kwezikhulu ze-White House. Inani lamadivayisi asebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwama-chips likhula ngokushesha, kodwa kusenokushoda okukhulu kwama-chip. Ekugcineni, akunandaba ukuthi ama-chips ngeke akhiqizwe e-USA kusetshenziswa izinqubo zanamuhla kakhulu, ngoba azoya esihogweni noma kunjalo.