Amaya Toman Incwadi kaLeander Kahney, echaza impilo nomsebenzi kaTim Cook, ishicilelwe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Umsebenzi ekuqaleni bekufanele uphelele futhi uhlanganise imininingwane ehlobene noSteve Jobs. Okunye okuqukethwe akuzange kungene encwadini, kodwa u-Kahney wabelane ngakho nabafundi besayithi Ihlelo le-Mac.
Endaweni futhi ngokuphelele
USteve Jobs wayaziwa njengomuntu othanda ukuphelela othanda ukulawula yonke into - ukukhiqizwa kwamakhompiyutha kwakufana nalokhu. Ngenkathi esungula i-NEXT ngemuva kokushiya i-Apple maphakathi nawo-1980, wayefuna ukulawula nokulawula ukukhiqizwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa ngokushesha wathola ukuthi kwakungeke kube lula. U-Leander Kahney, umbhali we-Tim Cook's biography, unikeza ukuqonda okuthakazelisayo mayelana nokusebenza kwangemuva kwesigcawu kwe-Jobs' NeXT.
Encwadini yakhe ethi "Steve Jobs and the Next Big Thing", u-Randall E. Stross ngokungafanele wabiza ukukhiqizwa kwendawo kwamakhompyutha e-NEXT "umsebenzi obiza kakhulu nohlakaniphe kakhulu Imisebenzi eyake yenziwa". Ngonyaka owodwa lapho i-NEXT iqhuba eyakhe imboni yamakhompiyutha, yalahlekelwa yimali kanye nentshisekelo yomphakathi.
Ukuzenzela amakhompuyutha akhe kwakuyinto eyayiphishekelwa yiMisebenzi kusukela ekuqaleni. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokusebenza kwe-NEXT, Imisebenzi yayinohlelo olusangulukile lapho okunye ukukhiqiza kwakuzokwenziwa osonkontileka, kuyilapho i-NEXT ngokwayo izosingatha ukuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa kokugcina. Kodwa ngo-1986, ukuphelela kwe-Jobs kanye nesifiso sokulawula okuphelele kwaphumelela, futhi wanquma ukuthi inkampani yakhe ekugcineni izothatha wonke ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamakhompyutha ayo. Kwakufanele kwenzeke ngokuqondile endaweni yase-United States.
Izakhiwo zefektri zazitholakala eFremont, eCalifornia futhi zisakazeke ngaphezu kwamamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40. Imboni yayiseduze nalapho kwakwenziwa khona ama-Macintoshe eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Imisebenzi kubikwa ukuthi yahlekisa noCFO Olandelayo uSusan Barnes ukuthi ufunde emaphutheni okuqala ukukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo kwe-Apple ukuze ukusebenza kwefektri ye-NEXT kufanele kushelele.
Igalari yezithombe
Umthunzi olungile, isiqondiso esifanele, futhi awekho ama-hangers
Ingxenye yomsebenzi embonini eshiwo ukuthi yenziwa amarobhothi, ehlanganisa amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe amakhompiyutha avela kwa-NEXTU kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile njengamanje ezimbonini eziningi emhlabeni jikelele. NjengeMacintosh, Imisebenzi yayifuna ukulawula yonke into - okuhlanganisa uhlelo lombala lwemishini efektri, eyayithwelwe ngemibala ecacile empunga, emhlophe nemnyama. Imisebenzi yayiqinile mayelana nemithunzi yemishini, futhi lapho omunye wabo ufika ngombala ohluke kancane, uSteve wathi ibuyiswe ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi.
Ukufuna ukuphelela kwemisebenzi kwazibonakalisa nakwezinye izindawo - ngokwesibonelo, wafuna ukuthi imishini isuke kwesokudla iye kwesokunxele lapho ihlanganisa amabhodi, okwakuphambene nalokho okwakuvamile ngaleso sikhathi. Isizathu, phakathi kokunye, ukuthi iMisebenzi yayifuna ukwenza ifemu ifinyeleleke emphakathini, futhi umphakathi, ngokubona kwakhe, wawunelungelo lokubuka lonke lolu hlelo ukuze lube mnandi ngangokunokwenzeka ngokubona kwawo.
Nokho, ekugcineni ifektri ayizange itholakale emphakathini, ngakho lesi sinyathelo sabonakala sibiza kakhulu futhi asitheli lutho.
Kodwa lesi kwakungesona ukuphela kwesinyathelo sesithakazelo sokwenza ifekthri ifinyeleleke kwabangase babe izivakashi - Imisebenzi, isibonelo, yayinezitebhisi ezikhethekile ezifakiwe lapha, izindonga ezimhlophe ngesitayela segalari noma mhlawumbe izihlalo zesikhumba zikanokusho endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi, enye yazo ebiza kakhulu. Izinkulungwane ezingama-20 zamadola. Ngendlela, imboni yayingenazo iziphanyeko lapho abasebenzi babengabeka khona amajazi abo - Imisebenzi yesaba ukuthi ubukhona bayo buzophazamisa ukubukeka okuncane kwezinto zangaphakathi.
Inkulumo-ze ethinta inhliziyo
Imisebenzi ayikaze idalule izindleko zokwakha ifektri, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi "ingaphansi kakhulu" kune-$ 20 million eyathathwa ukwakha imboni ye-Macintosh.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza baboniswa yi-NEXT efilimini emfushane ebizwa ngokuthi "Umshini Owakha Imishini". Kule filimu, amarobhothi "asebenza" asebenza ngamarekhodi emisindo yomculo. Cishe kwakuyisithombe senkulumo-ze, esibonisa wonke amathuba imboni ye-NEXT okufanele iwanikeze. Isihloko kumagazini i-Newsweek ka-October 1988 sichaza ngisho nendlela uJobs acishe akhihla isililo lapho ebona amarobhothi asebenzayo.
Imboni ehluke kancane
Umagazini i-Fortune uchaze indawo yokukhiqiza ye-NEXT “njengemboni yekhompyutha ephezulu kakhulu,” equkethe cishe yonke into—ama-laser, amarobhothi, isivinini, kanye nokukhubazeka okumbalwa okumangazayo. Isihloko esitusekayo sichaza, ngokwesibonelo, irobhothi elibukeka njengomshini wokuthunga elihlanganisa amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe ngesivinini esikhulu. Incazelo ebanzi iphetha ngesitatimende sokuthi amarobhothi adlule kanjani amandla omuntu efekthri. Ekupheleni kwesihloko, uFortune ucaphuna uSteve Jobs - wathi ngaleso sikhathi "wayeziqhenya ngemboni njengoba ayeziqhenya ngekhompyutha".
I-NeXT ayizange ibeke izinjongo zokukhiqiza zefekthri yayo, kodwa ngokwezilinganiso zangaleso sikhathi, ulayini wokukhiqiza wawukwazi ukukhipha amabhodi aqediwe angaphezu kuka-207 ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni yayinesikhala somugqa wesibili, ongawuphinda kabili umthamo wokukhiqiza. Kodwa i-NeXT ayikaze ifinyelele kulezi zinombolo.
Imisebenzi yayifuna ukukhiqiza kwakhe okuzenzakalelayo ngezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala yayiyimfihlo, okwakuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuyifeza lapho ukukhiqizwa kudluliselwa enkampanini ebambisene nayo. Okwesibili kwakuwukulawulwa kwekhwalithi—Imisebenzi yayikholelwa ukuthi ukwanda kwezishintshayo kuzonciphisa amathuba okuba nenkinga yokukhiqiza.
Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela, imboni yekhompyutha yohlobo lwe-NEXT yayihluke kakhulu kwezinye izimboni zokukhiqiza zaseSilicon Valley. Esikhundleni sezisebenzi "eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka", abasebenzi abaneziqu ezihlukahlukene zemfundo ephakeme yezobuchwepheshe baqashwe lapha - ngokusho kwedatha etholakalayo, abasebenzi abangafika ku-70% basefemini babeneziqu ze-PhD.
Willy Jobs Wonka
NjengoWilly Wonka, umnikazi wefekthri ovela encwadini kaRoald Dahl ethi “Dwarf and the Chocolate Factory”, uSteve Jobs wayefuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yakhe ayithintwa izandla zomuntu ize ifike kubanikazi bayo. Phela, uJobs wazenzela indawo kaWilly Wonka eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngesikhathi egqoke isudi yakhe ephelezela ikhasimende lesigidi elathenga i-iMac ekhempasini yakwa-Apple.
U-Randy Heffner, iphini likamongameli wezokukhiqiza owahehwa yi-NeXT ku-NeXT esuka ku-Hewlett-Packard, uchaze isu lokukhiqiza lenkampani ngokuthi "umzamo oqotho wokukhiqiza ngokuncintisana ngokuphathwa okuphumelelayo kohlu lwempahla, imali, kanye nabantu." Ngamazwi akhe, ujoyine i-NEXT ngokuqondile ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwayo. Izinzuzo zokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo kwa-NeXT zivezwe kakhulu ngekhwalithi ephezulu ka-Heffner noma izinga eliphansi lokukhubazeka.
Kona kuphi?
Njengoba wawuhlakaniphe njengomqondo weMisebenzi wokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo, lo mkhuba wagcina uhlulekile. Esinye sezizathu zokwehluleka kokukhiqiza kwaba ezezimali - ekupheleni kuka-1988, i-NeXT yayisikhiqiza amakhompyutha angu-400 ngenyanga ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo. Ngokusho kukaHeffner, ifemu ibinamandla okukhiqiza amayunithi angu-10 XNUMX ngenyanga, kodwa uJobs wayekhathazekile ngokuthi kungenzeka kuqoqwe izingcezu ezingadayiswa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwehle kwaba ngaphansi kwamakhompyutha ayikhulu ngenyanga.
Izindleko zokukhiqiza beziphezulu ngokungenakulinganiswa kumongo wamakhompyutha athengisiwe. Ifekthri yayisebenza kwaze kwaba nguFebhuwari 1993, lapho Imisebenzi inquma ukuvalelisa ephusheni lakhe lokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo. Kanye nokuvalwa kwemboni, uJobs uphinde wavalelisa ngokuphishekela ukukhiqiza kwakhe.
