Daniel Hruska Ngo-2010, uSteve Jobs wethula ngokuziqhenya i-iPhone 4. Ngaphezu komklamo omusha ngokuphelele, ulethe isinqumo sokubonisa esingakaze sibe khona kumakhalekhukhwini. Endaweni ene-diagonal engu-3,5″ (8,89 cm), i-Apple, noma kunalokho umphakeli wayo wokubonisa, ikwazile ukufaka i-matrix yamaphikseli anobukhulu obungu-640 × 960 futhi ukuminyana kwalesi sibonisi kungu-326 PPI (amaphikiseli ngeyintshi ngayinye) . Ingabe izibonisi ezinhle ziyeza nama-Macs?
Okokuqala, ake sichaze igama elithi "Retina display". Abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lolu uhlobo oluthile lwelebula lokumaketha oluvele lwasungulwa yi-Apple. Yebo futhi cha. Izibonisi ezinesinqumo esiphezulu zazikhona nangaphambi kwe-iPhone 4, kodwa azizange zisetshenziswe kumkhakha wabathengi. Isibonelo, izibonisi ezisetshenziswa ku-radiology nakweminye imikhakha yezokwelapha, lapho ngokoqobo yonke ichashazi nemininingwane kundaba yesithombe, ifinyelela ukuminyana kwamaphikseli okuhloniphekile ebangeni. 508 kuya ku-750 PPI. Lawa magugu ashintshashintsha emkhawulweni wokubona komuntu kubantu "ababukhali kakhulu", okuvumela ukuthi lezi zibonisi zihlukaniswe ngokuthi I-Class I okungukuthi imibukiso yekilasi loku-1. Intengo yokukhiqiza yamaphaneli anjalo vele iphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngeke neze sibabone kuma-electronics abathengi isikhathi esithile.
Uma ubuyela ku-iPhone 4, uzokhumbula isimangalo sika-Apple: "I-retina yomuntu ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa amaphikseli angawodwana ekuminyanweni okungaphezulu kuka-300 PPI." Emasontweni ambalwa edlule, i-iPad yesizukulwane sesithathu yethulwa ngokulungiswa okuphindwe kabili uma kuqhathaniswa nezizukulwane ezedlule. I-768 × 1024 yasekuqaleni inyuswe yaba ngu-1536 × 2048. Uma sicabangela usayizi wediagonal ongu-9,7″ (22,89 cm), sithola ukuminyana okungu-264 PPI. Kodwa-ke, i-Apple iphinde ibize lesi sibonisi njenge-Retina. Kungenzeka kanjani lokhu lapho eminyakeni emibili edlule ethi kudingeka ukuminyana okungaphezu kuka-300 PPI? Kalula nje. Leyo 300 PPI isebenza kuphela kumakhalekhukhwini noma kumadivayisi aphethwe ebangeni elifanayo ne-retina neselula. Ngokuvamile, abantu babamba i-iPad iqhele kancane emehlweni abo kune-iPhone.
Uma besingenza incazelo yegama elithi "retina" ngandlela thize, ingazwakala kanje:"Isibonisi se-retina yisibonisi lapho abasebenzisi bengakwazi ukuhlukanisa amaphikseli ngamanye." Njengoba sonke sazi, sibheka imibukiso ehlukene ukusuka ebangeni elihlukene. Sine-monitor yedeskithophu enkulu esethwe amashumi amasentimitha ukusuka ekhanda lethu, ngakho-ke i-300 PPI ayidingeki ukuze kukhohlise amehlo ethu. Ngendlela efanayo, ama-MacBooks alala etafuleni noma emathangeni asondele kancane emehlweni kunama-monitor amakhulu. Singase futhi sicabangele amathelevishini nezinye izinto ngendlela efanayo. Kungashiwo ukuthi isigaba ngasinye sezibonisi ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwazo kufanele sibe nomkhawulo othile wokuminyana kwephikseli. Ukuphela kwepharamitha okufanele umuntu ukunquma, ibanga nje ukusuka emehlweni ukuya esibukweni. Uma ubukele inothi esemqoka yokwethulwa kwe-iPad entsha, kungenzeka ukuthi uthole incazelo emfushane evela ku-Phil Schiller.
Njengoba kungaqashelwa, i-300 PPI yanele ku-iPhone ebanjwe ebangeni elingu-10″ (cishe. 25 cm) kanye no-264 PPI we-iPad ebangeni elingu-15″ (approx. 38 cm). Uma la mabanga abonwa, amaphikseli e-iPhone ne-iPad acishe afane nosayizi ukusuka endaweni yokubuka yomuntu obukele (noma mancane kuya kokungabonakali). Singabona futhi into efanayo emvelweni. Akukho lutho ngaphandle kokusitheka kwelanga. INyanga incane ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-400 ngobubanzi kuneLanga, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo isondele izikhathi ezingama-400 eMhlabeni. Phakathi nokusitheka kwelanga okuphelele, iNyanga ivele ihlanganise yonke indawo ebonakalayo yeLanga. Ngaphandle komunye umbono, singase sicabange ukuthi yomibili le mizimba inosayizi ofanayo. Kodwa-ke, sengivele ngehlukanisile nezinto zikagesi, kodwa mhlawumbe lesi sibonelo sikusize ukuthi uqonde udaba - ibanga libalulekile.
U-Richard Gaywood we-TUAW wenze izibalo zakhe, esebenzisa indlela yezibalo efana nesithombe esivela kumbhalo oyinhloko. Nakuba alinganisela yena amabanga okubuka (11″ ku-iPhone kanye no-16″ ku-iPad), leli qiniso alibanga namphumela kumphumela. Kodwa okungacatshangwa ngakho yibanga lamehlo ukusuka endaweni enkulu ye-iMac engu-27 inch. Wonke umuntu uvumelanisa indawo yakhe yokusebenza nezidingo zakhe, futhi kuyafana nangebanga ukusuka kumonitha. Kufanele kube ubude bengalo, kodwa futhi - insizwa engamamitha amabili ngokuqinisekile inengalo ende kakhulu kunentokazi encane. Ethebulani elingezansi kwalesi sigaba, ngigqamise imigqa enamanani we-iMac engu-27-intshi, lapho ungabona khona ngokucacile ukuthi ibanga elingakanani elidlala indima. Umuntu akahlali ekhompyutheni usuku lonke encike esitulweni, kodwa uthanda ukuncika indololwane etafuleni, elibeka ikhanda lakhe ebangeni elincane ukusuka kumboniso.
Yini engafundwa ngokuqhubekayo kulelithebula elingenhla? Ukuthi cishe wonke amakhompyutha we-apula awabi kangako nanamuhla. Isibonelo, ukuboniswa kwe-MacBook Pro engu-17-inch kungachazwa ngokuthi "retina" ebangeni lokubuka lika-66 cm. Kodwa sizothatha i-iMac enesikrini esingu-27" siyiyise embukisweni futhi. Ngokombono, bekuyokwanela kuphela ukwandisa isixazululo sibe ngaphansi kuka-3200 × 2000, okungaba inqubekelaphambili ethile, kodwa ngokombono wokumaketha, akuwona neze "umphumela we-WOW". Ngokunjalo, izibonisi zeMacBook Air ngeke zidinge ukwanda okukhulu kwenani lamaphikseli.
Bese kuba nenye inketho engaba nempikiswano kakhudlwana - ukulungiswa okuphindwe kabili. Idlule ku-iPhone, iPod touch, futhi muva nje i-iPad. Ungathanda iMacBook Air engu-13-intshi ne-Pro enokulungiswa kokubonisa okungu-2560 x 1600? Zonke izici ze-GUI zizohlala zinosayizi ofanayo, kodwa zizonikezwa kahle. Kuthiwani nge-iMacs enesinqumo esingu-3840 x 2160 kanye ne-5120 x 2800? Lokho kuzwakala kulinga kakhulu, akunjalo? Ijubane nokusebenza kwamakhompyutha anamuhla kuyanda njalo. Uxhumano lwe-inthanethi (okungenani ekhaya) lufinyelela amashumi kuya kumakhulu wamamegabhithi. Ama-SSD aseqala ukukhipha ama-hard drive akudala, ngaleyo ndlela andisa ngokushesha ukusabela kwesistimu yokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Futhi imibukiso? Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, ukulungiswa kwabo kuhlala kufana ngokuhlekisayo iminyaka eminingi. Ingabe isintu sinqunyelwe ukubuka isithombe esine-checkered phakade? Akunjalo neze. Sesikwazile kakade ukuqeda lesi sifo emishinini ephathwayo. Kunengqondo manje kufanele amakhompyutha aphathekayo nawedeskithophu nawo ayeza ngokulandelayo.
Ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani aphikise ngokuthi lokhu akusizi futhi izinqumo zanamuhla zanele ngokugcwele - azinjalo. Ukube thina njengesintu besigculiseka ngesimo esikuso, mhlawumbe besingeke siphume ngisho nasemigedeni. Kukhona njalo indawo yokuthuthukisa. Ngikhumbula ngokucacile ukusabela ngemva kokwethulwa kwe-iPhone 4, isibonelo: "Kungani ngidinga isinqumo esinjalo kumakhalekhukhwini wami?" Akusizi ngalutho, kodwa isithombe sibukeka singcono kakhulu. Futhi yilokho iphuzu. Yenza amaphikseli angabonakali futhi usondeze isithombe sesikrini emhlabeni wangempela. Yilokho okwenzeka lapha. Isithombe esibushelelezi sibukeka sijabulisa kakhulu futhi singokwemvelo emehlweni ethu.
Yini engekho ku-Apple ukwethula izibonisi ezinhle? Okokuqala, amapaneli ngokwawo. Ukwenza izibonisi ezinezinqumo ezingu-2560 x 1600, 3840 x 2160 noma 5120 x 2800 akuyona inkinga kulezi zinsuku. Umbuzo usamile ukuthi ziyini izindleko zabo zokukhiqiza zamanje nokuthi kungaba kuhle yini ukuthi i-Apple ifake amaphaneli abiza kangaka kulo nyaka. Isizukulwane esisha samaphrosesa I-Ive Bridge isivele isilungele ukuboniswa ngesinqumo esingu-2560 × 1600. I-Apple isivele inamandla adingekayo ukuze isebenzise imibukiso ye-retina, okungenani mayelana ne-MacBooks.
Ngokulungiswa okuphindwe kabili, singathatha ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphindwe kabili, njenge-iPad entsha. I-MacBooks ibilokhu iziqhayisa ngokuhlala okuqinile iminyaka eminingi, futhi i-Apple ngokuqinisekile ngeke iliyeke leli lungelo ngokuzayo. Isixazululo siwukunciphisa njalo ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye zangaphakathi, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - ukwandisa umthamo webhethri. Le nkinga nayo ibonakala ixazululiwe. I-iPad entsha ihlanganisa ibhethri, enobukhulu obucishe bufane bomzimba njengebhethri le-iPad 2 futhi inomthamo ophakeme ngo-70%. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi i-Apple izophinde ifune ukuyihlinzeka kwamanye amadivaysi eselula.
Sesivele sine-hardware edingekayo, kuthiwani nge-software? Ukuze izinhlelo zokusebenza zibukeke kangcono ekulungisweni okuphezulu, zidinga ukushintshwa kancane. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, izinguqulo ze-Xcode ne-OS X Lion beta zibonise izimpawu zokufika kwezibonisi ze-retina. Efasiteleni lengxoxo elilula, waya ukuvula lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "imodi ye-HiDPI", okuphindwe kabili ukulungiswa. Vele, umsebenzisi akakwazanga ukubona izinguquko ezibukweni zamanje, kodwa lokhu kungenzeka kuphakamisa ukuthi i-Apple ihlola ama-MacBook prototypes ngezibonisi ze-retina. Bese, kunjalo, abathuthukisi bezinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkampani zangaphandle kufanele beze futhi balungise imisebenzi yabo.
Ucabangani ngezibonisi ezinhle? Mina ngokwami ngikholwa ukuthi isikhathi sabo sizofika nakanjani. Kulo nyaka, ngingacabanga nge-MacBook Air ne-Pro enesinqumo se-2560 x 1600. Ngeke nje kube lula ukukhiqiza kunezilo ezingama-27-intshi, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi benza ingxenye enkulu yamakhompiyutha e-Apple athengisiwe. Ama-MacBook anombukiso we-retina angamelela ukugxuma okukhulu ngaphambi komncintiswano. Eqinisweni, babengeke bahlulwe nhlobo isikhathi esithile.
Isihloko esihle kakhulu! Selokhu ngathola i-iPhone 4, bekubuhlungu ukubuka lawo ma-raster abi. Ku-MacBook yami, i-1280x800 iyadabukisa ngokuphelele. Uma nginesondo lezaziso zama-imeyili noma izibuyekezo esitolo sohlelo lokusebenza kudokhi, angikwazi ngempela ukubona ukuthi hlobo luni lwenombolo - inombolo ethi "4" eyenziwe ngamaphikseli angu-10 ayibonakali. Imibukiso ye-retina kuma-MacBooks izoba yinqubekela phambili enkulu futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, edingekayo, engiyilindile impela.
Ngiyavuma ngokuphelele. Ku-monitor yami engu-24″ enesinqumo se-FullHD, amabheji nawo adwetshiwe futhi ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ngiqagele inombolo.
"I-iPad entsha iqukethe ibhethri elicishe libe nobukhulu obufanayo bomzimba..." akufanele yini kube nobukhulu "obungokomzimba" obuningi?
Yebo, siyabonga ngokukwazisa.
Angifuni ukumba, kodwa ukulungiswa kwanoma iyiphi idivayisi eshiwo yi-4x, kodwa i-2x kuphela, ukube bekuyi-4x, i-ipad entsha ine-4096 × 3072, okungaba kuhle, kodwa empeleni inesinqumo. 2x ngaphezulu kweyasekuqaleni, kanye ne-iPhone ne-iPod Touch. Kungenjalo, ngikholwa ukuthi i-Apple izoqhamuka nalokhu, okungukuthi nesizathu sokuthi ngithenge i-13″ Air hhayi i-Pro ngoba i-Air inombukiso ongcono.
Ungamba, kepha awulungile. Ithathwa ngenani lamaphikseli - i-iPhone 320 x 480 = 153 kanye ne-iPhone entsha 600 x 640 = 960, i-ipad endala 614 x 400 = 1024 760 kanye ne-iPad entsha 7782 x 40 = 2048 1536. izikhathi eziningi. :)
Yebo, inani lamaphikseli liyinto eyodwa futhi isixazululo ngokwaso singenye;) isixazululo singu-2x ukuthi futhi i-Apple ngokwayo isho kanjalo futhi inani lamaphikseli liyi-4x lokho, kodwa isihloko sidida isinqumo kanye nenani lamaphikseli futhi lokho umbhedo. Okokugcina, yebo, kuyindaba yokuthi yonke into eyodwa yokulungiswa iphindwe kabili, ngakho-ke ukulungiswa kuphindwe kabili ngezinombolo (1024×2 = 2048 kanye ne-768×2 = 1536 futhi ngenxa yokuthi yinto engu-2x ekhuphuke ngo-2x , ngakho ekugcineni inani lamaphikseli ngu-2 ×2 okusekelwe endleleni le nombolo ibalwa ngayo 1024×768 okungukuthi esibalweni (1024×2)x(768×2) = X uma sisusa izinto zokulungiswa bese kuthi X = 4 uma kungenjalo X = 3,1MPix) banephutha ikakhulukazi lapha amayunithi angu-2, okungukuthi indawo noma indawo elingana (inombolo yamaphikseli) nobude/ububanzi, okungukuthi ukulungiswa. Lokho kufana namasentimitha aginqikayo kanye namasentimitha-skwele, vele, uma ububanzi nokuphakama kukhushulwa ngo-2x, indawo izophinda iphindwe kane. Ngakho awulungile.
Yebo uqinisile. Ukulungiswa akulingani ngempela nenani lamaphikseli.