Philip Houska Namuhla, Ephreli 1, usuku lokuzalwa luka-Apple lwama-40. Sekudlule isikhathi eside kusukela ngawo-70, lapho umkhiqizo wokuqala walesi sikhulu sezobuchwepheshe esibhalwe ngokungenakucimeka wadalwa egaraji labazali bakaJobs. Kuleyo minyaka engamashumi amane, i-Apple yakwazi ukushintsha umhlaba.
Ubukhona obunethonya nobuqinile emakethe yobuchwepheshe ngeke buphikiswe inkampani yaseCalifornian. Inikeze umhlaba ngemikhiqizo echaza umqondo woguquko. I-Mac, i-iPod, i-iPhone ne-iPad ngokungangabazeki phakathi kwazo. Kodwa-ke, ku-constellation yemikhiqizo ephumelele kakhulu, kukhona nalabo abahlulekile, bawela endaweni futhi bayathanda ukukhohlwa eCupertino.
Ngisho noSteve Jobs wayengenasici futhi wayenezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezingalungile, ngemva kwakho konke, njenganoma yimuphi umuntu ofayo, ngisho nomsunguli ongasekho we-Apple uyohlale ekhunjulwa ngokuyinhloko ngokuthi "umguquli" owashintsha umhlaba. Futhi bekuyini?
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Yini ehambe kahle?
I-Apple II
Le modeli yekhompyutha ibe yimpumelelo ephawulekayo enkampanini, njengoba isize yangena emakethe yekhompyutha yomuntu siqu. I-Apple II yayidumile hhayi kuphela emkhakheni webhizinisi, kodwa nasemfundweni. Kwakudingeka kakhulu futhi lapho i-Apple yethula i-Macintosh. Ekugcineni yahoxiswa yi-Apple ngemuva kweminyaka engu-17 isemakethe, ngo-1993, lapho amakhompyutha athuthuke kakhulu ayishintsha.
I-Macintosh
I-Mac yayiyigugu lokuqala le-Apple eliguquguquka ngempela. Ukwazile ukwethula inkathi yamagundane ekhompiyutha futhi wabeka isisekelo sokuthi sisasebenzisana kanjani namakhompyutha namuhla. I-Mac yayinesisekelo ngoba inikeze isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esisebenza njengesisekelo sama-smartphones namathebulethi namuhla.
iPod
I-iPod iyisisetshenziswa esichaza ukulalela umculo. I-Apple iqhamuke nalo mkhiqizo ngoba kwakungekho lutho olulula emakethe olungaqinisekisa ukuthandwa komsebenzisi. Lesi sidlali somculo sesiphenduke uguquko hhayi kuphela ekudlaleni umculo, kodwa nasekunethezekeni kokusebenza. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwakungeyona isidlali somculo sokuqala, kwaba idivayisi yokuqala eyaba isithonjana esithile hhayi kuphela kwezobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi emhlabeni zomculo.
iPhone
I-smartphone yokuqala eyethulwe yi-Apple emakethe yaba i-blockbuster ngokuphelele. Nakuba ibibiza, ingenawo amandla, inokuxhumana kwe-inthanethi okunensayo nokunye ukulinganiselwa okuningi, njengokungakwazi ukulanda izinhlelo zokusebenza ezengeziwe, yaduma njengomshini wokuguqula owashintsha umbono wawo wonke umuntu ngama-smartphone. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko kwakuyisikrini sokuthinta esine-interface esinjalo, esasilula kakhulu futhi sisebenza kahle ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kube yimpumelelo ye-iPhone eyathatha i-Apple yafinyelela eziqongweni ongazicabangeli, lapho isaqhubeka khona.
iPad
Ngenkathi i-Apple yethula i-iPad, abantu abaningi abazange bayiqonde. Ithebhulethi bekungewona umkhiqizo omusha oshisayo, kodwa i-Apple iphinde yakhombisa ukuthi iyini kahle: ukuthatha umkhiqizo osuvele ukhona bese uwupholisha uze uphelele. Ngakho-ke, i-iPad kamuva yaba umkhiqizo othengiswa ngokushesha wenkampani futhi yakha imakethe yamathebulethi entsha ngokuphelele. Manje, ama-iPads adlula esikhathini esibuthakathaka, kodwa asathengisa ngokuphindwe kabili kunama-Macs futhi ahlala ezuza amaphuzu phakathi kwabasebenzisi.
Kodwa akukhona konke okwaba kuhle eminyakeni engamashumi amane. Ngakho-ke, silinganisela amahithi amahlanu ngokuphuthelwa okuhlanu, ngoba i-Apple nayo inecala lalokho.
Konakelephi?
I-Apple III
U-Apple wayefuna ukulandela i-Apple II ethandwa kakhulu nge-Model III, kodwa ayizange iphumelele nhlobo. I-Apple III bekufanele ihehe abasebenzisi abavela emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa kwakukhona izinkinga ezinkulu, ngenxa yokuthi amakhompyutha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-14 kwakudingeka abuyiselwe endlunkulu ye-Apple. I-Apple III ayenziwe kahle, ngakho-ke yashisa kakhulu, kangangokuthi yakwazi ukuncibilikisa ezinye zezingxenye.
Intengo ephezulu ye-Apple III kanye neminikelo engalungile yohlelo lokusebenza akusizanga kangako. Ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu, inkampani yaseCalifornian ekugcineni yaqeda ukuthengisa.
Lisa
Elinye "iphutha" lika-Apple kwakuyikhompyutha ebizwa ngokuthi uLisa. Kwakuwumshini wokuqala onjalo onomfanekiso wokuqhafaza futhi wethulwa ngo-1983, unyaka ngaphambi kweMacintosh. Kwafika nesesekeli esingaziwa ngaleso sikhathi - igundane, okwenza kube yintsha yenguquko. Kodwa yayinezinkinga ezifanayo ne-Apple III: yayibiza kakhulu futhi inezinhlelo ezimbalwa kuphela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunensa kwayo yonke idivayisi akuzange kudlale amakhadi e-Apple. Ngisho noSteve Jobs, owajoyina ithimba leMac ngemuva kokuxoshwa enkampanini, wazama ukubukela phansi umsebenzi ngandlela thize. Ikhompyutha ye-Lisa ayizange iphele kanjalo, kodwa yathatha elinye igama, i-Macintosh. Ngemishini efanayo, iMac ithengiswe ngemali encane kakhulu futhi yaphumelela kakhulu.
I-Newton MessagePad
Omunye wemikhiqizo ye-Apple ephumelele kakhulu engake yaba khona ngokungangabazeki i-Newton MessagePad. Phela, inkampani ngokwayo ikuvumile lokhu kuvidiyo enamathiselwe ngenhla, lapho uNewton ewela khona lapho ekhumbula iminyaka yakhe engama-40 edlule. I-Newton kwakuyikhompyutha ephathwa ngesandla eyayizoba uguquko olulandelayo ngemva kokwethulwa kwe-Macintosh. Yayisekelwe esimisweni sokusebenzisa i-stylus, kodwa yayingeyona imfashini kakhulu.
Amandla ayo okuqaphela ukubhala ngesandla ayemabi, futhi awazange ahlangabezane nezidingo zabasebenzisi abavamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mfucumfucu yaphinde yabiza kakhulu futhi ukusebenza kwayo kwakungenele. Ngo-1997, uSteve Jobs waphetha ngokuthi uzowukhipha lo mkhiqizo emakethe. Ayizange ikuthole ukunakwa okufanele inkampani ebikulindele.
Pippin
Phakathi “neminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye elahlekile”, i-Apple yazama ukufohla ngezinye izindlela ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yekhompyutha. Phakathi kwemikhiqizo enjalo kukhona iPippin, obekufanele isebenze njenge-CD console yomdlalo. Umgomo wayo bekuwukunikeza ezinye izinkampani isixhumi esibonakalayo esingathuthukisa kuso imidlalo emisha. Bekunezinkampani ezimbili ebezifuna ukulungisa le fomethi yekhonsoli yegeyimu ngendlela yazo futhi zithuthukise imidlalo yayo, kodwa ngokubusa kwe-PlayStation evela kwaSony, Nintendo kanye neSega, zincamele ukukhetha amasistimu azo wegeyimu. USteve Jobs uwuchithile lo msebenzi ngokushesha ngemuva kokubuya kwakhe.
I-Ping
Ngesikhathi lapho izinkundla zokuxhumana ziqala ukukhula kakhulu, i-Apple nayo yayifuna ukuqhamuka nento yayo. I-Ping bekufanele isebenze njengendawo yokuxhuma abathandi bomculo nabadlali, kodwa nalesi sinyathelo asizange sibe yimpumelelo kakhulu. Yenziwe kuma-iTunes futhi ukuvalwa kwayo akuzange kube sethubeni lokuncintisana ne-Twitter, Facebook nezinye izinsiza. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, i-Apple yavala buthule iphrojekthi yayo yezenhlalo futhi yakhohlwa ngakho unomphela. Yize kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngaphakathi kwe-Apple Music baphinde bazama ukwenza into yezenhlalo.
U-Lisa, isigaba sesi-2 umugqa wesibili: … yini eyamukelwe enkampanini…
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Ngakolunye uhlangothi - okwenziwa nguMisebenzi kwakungekuhle neze :D
Angazi ngawe, wayeyi-Macintosh yokuqala empeleni embi kakhulu. Vele, lokhu kuzokwenzeka, futhi i-Apple nayo yakuxazulula ngokushesha futhi yabusa i-DTP yobungcweti neminye imikhakha isikhathi eside.
Inkinga ngeMisebenzi, nokho, yayiwukuthi ngesikhathi sokudalwa kwe-Mac, ngaphandle kwehaba, wayicasula i-Apple ngokudala umbango wokwenziwa okungenangqondo phakathi kweqembu le-Macintosh neqembu "elidala" le-Apple II (elalisekela ngokuyinhloko. inkampani ngisho neminyaka embalwa ngemuva kokuvela kweMac).
Lokhu mhlawumbe kwakungaphezulu kakhulu futhi ukusabela kwabanikazi bamasheya kwakufanele. Ngokwami, ngicabanga ukuthi uSteve Jobs waba yinganekwane ngenxa yalokhu kumuka okuphoqelekile, okwamanje wafunda ngezindlela eziningi futhi wathuthuka ngendlela ethile, ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzi wakhe e-Pixar, lapho mhlawumbe athuthela khona kakhulu, awuthathwa kancane. . Lapho ebuya, wayesenentokozo enkulu, kodwa phela izenzo zakhe zazicatshangelwe kakhulu futhi imiphumela yabonakala.