Honza Dvorsky Ngo-Ephreli 11 kulo nyaka, uMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-US (i-DOJ) wafaka icala enkantolo ngokumelene ne-Apple nabashicileli bezincwadi abahlanu ngezinsolo zokwehliswa kwentengo ye-e-book kanye nokuhlangana okungekho emthethweni. Ngokushesha ngemva kokushicilelwa kwecala, abashicileli abathathu kwabahlanu bazinza ngaphandle kwenkantolo ne-DOJ. Kodwa-ke, uMacmillan noPenguin baziphikile lezi zinsolo futhi, kanye no-Apple, bafuna ukuyisa leli cala enkantolo, lapho bezozama khona ukuveza ukuthi bamsulwa.
Isenzo
Sikutshele mayelana nemininingwane yecala esihlokweni esandulele. Empeleni, lona umzamo we-DOJ wokufakazela ukuthi i-Apple kanye nabashicileli abahlanu okukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla basebenze ndawonye ukusetha amanani entengo e-e-book aphezulu emhlabeni jikelele. Iningi labameleli babashicileli okukhulunywe ngabo liyakwenqaba lokhu kusolwa futhi, ngokwesibonelo, umqondisi ophethe wendlu yokunyathelisa yaseMacmillan, uJohn Sargant, uyanezela: “I-DOJ isole ukuthi ukusebenzisana kwabaphathi be-Macmillan Publishing nabanye bekuwukwenza zonke izinkampani zishintshele ekubeni yi-ejensi. Ngiyi-CEO yakwa-Macmillan futhi nginqume ukuhambisa indlela esithengisa ngayo ngiye kumodeli ye-ejensi. Ngemva kwezinsuku zokucabanga nokungaqiniseki, ngenze lesi sinqumo ngoJanuwari 22, 2010 ngo-4 ekuseni ngebhayisikili lami lokuzivocavoca egumbini elingaphansi. Kungesinye sezinqumo eziyisizungu engake ngazenza.”
U-Apple uyazivikela
Nakuba icala likhuluma ngomzamo wokuphatha imakethe futhi ubeke amanani amisiwe ngabamangalelwa, u-Apple uzivikela ngokuthi ngokubeka ikhono lokunquma inani lomkhiqizo ezandleni zababhali, imakethe isiqalile ukuchuma. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, yi-Amazon kuphela ebeka inani le-e-books. Kusukela kwavela imodeli ye-ejensi kuma-e-books, izintengo zinqunywe ababhali nabashicileli. U-Apple wengeza ngokuthi intshisekelo iyonke kuma-e-books inyukile, esiza bonke abahlanganyeli bemakethe futhi ikhuthaze ukuncintisana okunempilo. Isimangalo sokuthi akukho lutho olungekho emthethweni mayelana nemodeli ye-ejensi futhi isekelwa ukusebenza kwayo ekuthengisweni okusemthethweni komculo, amafilimu, uchungechunge kanye nezicelo zeminyaka eminingana (endabeni yomculo, ngaphezu kwe-10), futhi leli yicala lokuqala sonke leso sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, i-Apple iphinde isho ukuthi uma inkantolo ilahlekelwa futhi imodeli ye-ejensi ibhekwa njengengekho emthethweni, izothumela umyalezo omubi kuyo yonke imboni. Kuze kube namuhla, iyona kuphela indlela esabalele yokuthengisa okusemthethweni kokuqukethwe kwedijithali ku-inthanethi.
Izindleko ezikhethekile
Enye ingxenye yecala ikhuluma ngomhlangano oyimfihlo wabashicileli ehhotela laseLondon esikhathini esithile ngasekuqaleni kuka-2010 - kodwa kwakuwumhlangano wabashicileli kuphela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekile noma cha, i-DOJ ngokwayo ithi abamele i-Apple abazange bahlanganyele. Kungakho kuyamangaza ukuthi lezi zinsolo ziyingxenye yecala eliqondiswe kwa-Apple, yize inkampani yayingahlangene nhlobo nakho. Abameli benkampani yaseMelika nabo baliphikisa leli qiniso futhi bacela incazelo ku-DOJ.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo
Ngakho-ke inqubo ithatha amajika athakazelisa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-Reuters ithi noma ngabe i-Apple ilahlekelwa yinkantolo, kuzofanele ikhokhe inhlawulo 'kuphela' yezigidigidi eziyi-100-200 zamaRandi, okungeyona isamba esibalulekile uma kucatshangelwa i-akhawunti yenkampani, egcina ngaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-100 zamadola. Kodwa-ke, i-Apple ithatha leli cala njengokulwela umgomo futhi bafuna ukuvikela imodeli yabo yebhizinisi enkantolo. Ukulalelwa kwecala okulandelayo kwenkantolo kungomhla zingama-22 kuJuni futhi sizokugcina unolwazi nganoma yiziphi ezinye izenzakalo kule nqubo engakaze ibonwe.
Ngicabanga ukuthi ukube u-SJ waphila, babengeke bavume ukwenza lokhu. Isisindo sobuntu bakhe sasiyisiqinisekiso sokuthi konke kuhamba kahle. Namuhla ngizozama ukuthi iSikhathi singayiphatha kanjani. Kodwa le modeli yasungulwa ngu-SJ futhi isineminyaka isebenza ngokwethembeka.
Iqiniso lokuthi aba-3 kwaba-5 bavele baphuma enkantolo ngokushesha libonisa ukuthi lezi zinsolo ziyiqiniso. Ngeshwa, iqiniso livame ukunqunywa kuphela abameli abanekhono...
Lena yindlela noma iyiphi inkampani encane edonswa yi-DOJ ezosinda ngayo. Anginayo imali yokufakazela iqiniso lami enkantolo, futhi uma kungenzeka balahlekelwe, izobafaka imali. Ngeshwa, okudingekayo nje ukuthi i-DOJ ifake isimangalo futhi izinkampani eziningi ziyabaleka. Akuhlangene nomuzwa wecala.