Vala isikhangiso

E-United States, ingxabano phakathi kwe-Apple, i-FBI kanye noMnyango Wezobulungiswa ikhula nsuku zonke. Ngokusho kwe-Apple, ukuphepha kwedatha yamakhulu ezigidi zabantu kusengozini, kodwa ngokusho kwe-FBI, inkampani yaseCalifornian kufanele ihlehle ukuze abaphenyi bakwazi ukufinyelela i-iPhone yephekula elidubule abantu abayishumi nane lalimaza abanye abangaphezu kweshumi nambili. eSan Bernardino ngonyaka odlule.

Konke kwaqala ngomyalelo wenkantolo u-Apple awuthola ku-FBI. I-FBI yaseMelika ine-iPhone okwakungeka-Syed Rizwan Farook oneminyaka engu-14 ubudala. Ekuqaleni kukaDisemba odlule, yena nozakwabo badubula abantu abangu-XNUMX eSan Bernardino, eCalifornia, eyaqokwa njengesenzo sobuphekula. Nge-iPhone ebanjiwe, i-FBI ingathanda ukuthola imininingwane eyengeziwe ngoFarook nalo lonke icala, kodwa banenkinga - ifoni ivikelwe ngephasiwedi futhi i-FBI ayikwazi ukungena kuyo.

Nakuba i-Apple ibambisana nabaphenyi baseMelika kusukela ekuqaleni, kwakunganele ku-FBI, futhi ekugcineni, kanye nohulumeni waseMelika, bazama ukuphoqa u-Apple ukuthi aphule ukuphepha ngendlela engakaze ibonwe. Umdondoshiya waseCalifornia wakuphikisa lokhu futhi UTim Cook umemezele encwadini evulekile ukuthi uzozilwela. Ngemva kwalokho, ngokushesha kwaqubuka ingxoxo, okwathi ngemva kwalokho u-Cook ngokwakhe wabiza, exazulula ukuthi u-Apple uziphathe kahle yini, ukuthi i-FBI kufanele yini icele into enjalo futhi, ngamafuphi, ukuthi ubani omi ngakuluphi uhlangothi.

Sizomphoqa

Incwadi kaCook evuliwe yavusa inqwaba yezifiso. Ngenkathi ezinye izinkampani zobuchwepheshe, abalingani abakhulu be-Apple kule mpi, nabanye Abenzi be-iPhone bazwakalise ukwesekwa, uhulumeni wase-US akasithandi nhlobo isimo sengqondo sokwenqaba. Ifemu yaseCalifornia inomnqamulajuqu oweluliwe kuze kube uLwesihlanu, 26 February, ukuze iphendule ngokusemthethweni umyalo wenkantolo, kodwa uMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-US waphetha ngenkulumo yawo yokuthi mancane amathuba okuthi igudluke futhi ihambisane nomyalo.

“Esikhundleni sokuthobela umyalelo wenkantolo wokusiza ophenyweni lwalokhu kuhlasela kwamaphekula okubulalayo, u-Apple waphendula ngokukuphika esidlangalaleni. Lokhu kwenqaba, nakuba kungaphakathi kwamandla e-Apple okuhambisana nalo myalelo, kubonakala kusekelwe ikakhulukazi ohlelweni lwayo lwebhizinisi namasu okumaketha,” kuhlasele uhulumeni wase-US, ohlela, kanye ne-FBI, ukwenza imizamo emikhulu yokuphoqa i-Apple ukuthi sebenzisana.

Lokho i-FBI ikucela i-Apple kulula. I-iPhone 5C etholakele, engeyelinye lamaphekula adutshuliwe, ivikelwe ngekhodi yezinombolo, ngaphandle kwalokho abaphenyi ngeke bakwazi ukuthola idatha kuyo. Kungakho i-FBI ifuna i-Apple iyinikeze ithuluzi (empeleni, okuhlukile okukhethekile kwesistimu yokusebenza) ekhubaza isici esisula yonke i-iPhone ngemuva kwamakhodi ayi-XNUMX angalungile, kuyilapho ivumela ochwepheshe bayo ukuthi bazame inhlanganisela ehlukene ngesikhathi esifushane. Uma kungenjalo, i-iOS inokulibaziseka okusethiwe lapho iphasiwedi ifakwa ngokungalungile ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Lapho le mikhawulo isiwa, i-FBI ingathola ikhodi ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-brute force attack, isebenzisa ikhompyutha enamandla ukuze izame zonke inhlanganisela yezinombolo ezingaba khona ukuze uvule ifoni. Kepha i-Apple ibheka ithuluzi elinjalo njengengozi enkulu yezokuphepha. “Uhulumeni wase-United States ufuna sithathe isinyathelo esingakaze sibonwe esibeka engcupheni ukuphepha kwabasebenzisi bethu. Kufanele sivikele kulo myalelo, ngoba ungaba nemiphumela engaphezu kwecala elikhona manje, ”kubhala uTim Cook.

Akuyona yodwa i-iPhone

U-Apple uyaphikisana nomyalelo wenkantolo ngokuthi i-FBI ifuna ukuthi idale u-backdoor lapho izokwazi ukungena kunoma iyiphi i-iPhone. Nakuba ama-ejensi aphenyayo athi akhathazeke kuphela ngefoni enecala kusukela ekuhlaselweni kweSan Bernardino, asikho isiqinisekiso - njengoba u-Apple ephikisana - ukuthi leli thuluzi ngeke lisetshenziswe kabi esikhathini esizayo. Noma ukuthi uhulumeni wase-US ngeke ayisebenzise futhi, ngaphandle kolwazi lwe-Apple nabasebenzisi.

[su_pullquote align="right"]Asizizwa kahle ngokuba ngasohlangothini oluphambene lukahulumeni.[/su_pullquote]U-Tim Cook usigxeke ngokungananazi isenzo sobuphekula esenzela inkampani yakhe yonke futhi wengeza ngokuthi izenzo zamanje ze-Apple azikhombisi ukusiza amaphekula, kodwa kumane nje kuvikelwe amakhulu ezigidi zabanye abantu abangewona amaphekula, futhi inkampani izizwa banesibopho sokuvikela idatha yabo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke inkulumo-mpikiswano yiqiniso lokuthi i-iPhone kaFarook iyimodeli endala ye-5C, engakabi nazo izici zokuphepha ezibalulekile ngendlela ye-Touch ID kanye nesici esihlobene ne-Secure Enclave. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwe-Apple, ithuluzi elicelwe yi-FBI lizokwazi "ukuvula" ama-iPhones amasha anomfundi wezigxivizo zeminwe, ngakho-ke akuyona indlela engagcina kumadivayisi amadala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lonke icala alakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi i-Apple yenqaba ukusiza uphenyo, ngakho-ke uMnyango Wezobulungiswa kanye ne-FBI kwadingeka bafinyelele isisombululo ngokusebenzisa izinkantolo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-Apple ibisebenzisana ngokugcwele namayunithi aphenyayo kusukela kuthathwe i-iPhone 5C kwelinye lamaphekula.

Ukungaziphathi kahle kophenyo oluyisisekelo

Kulo lonke uphenyo, okungenani kulokho osekuvele esidlangalaleni, singabona imininingwane ethakazelisayo. Kusukela ekuqaleni, i-FBI yayifuna ukufinyelela kudatha eyisipele eyayigcinwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-iCloud ku-iPhone etholiwe. I-Apple inikeze abaphenyi ngezimo ezimbalwa okungenzeka ukuthi bangakwenza kanjani lokhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena ngokwakhe wayenikeze idiphozi yokugcina eyayitholakala kuye ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwase kwenziwa kakade ngo-Okthoba 19, okungukuthi ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kokuhlasela, okwakunganele ku-FBI.

I-Apple ingafinyelela izipele ze-iCloud ngisho noma idivayisi ikhiyiwe noma ivikelwe ngephasiwedi. Ngakho-ke, ngesicelo, isipele sokugcina sikaFarook sanikezwa yi-FBI ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Futhi ukuze ulande idatha yakamuva, i-FBI yeluleke ukuthi i-iPhone etholiwe ixhunywe ku-Wi-Fi eyaziwayo (ehhovisi likaFarook, njengoba bekuyifoni yenkampani), ngoba uma i-iPhone evulwe isipele ngokuzenzakalelayo ixhumeke ku-. i-Wi-Fi eyaziwayo, inekhophi yasenqolobaneni .

Kodwa ngemva kokubamba i-iPhone, abaphenyi benza iphutha elikhulu. Amasekela e-San Bernardino County ayephethe i-iPhone asebenze ne-FBI ukusetha kabusha iphasiwedi ye-Apple ID kaFarook phakathi namahora ethole ucingo (kungenzeka afinyelele kuyo nge-imeyili yomsebenzi womhlaseli). I-FBI yaqale yawuphika umsebenzi onjalo, kodwa kamuva yaqinisekisa isimemezelo sesifunda saseCalifornia. Akukacaci okwamanje ukuthi kungani abaphenyi bathathe isinyathelo esinjalo, kodwa umphumela owodwa ucacile: imiyalelo ye-Apple yokuxhuma i-iPhone ku-Wi-Fi eyaziwayo ayisebenzi.

Lapho nje iphasiwedi ye-ID ye-Apple ishintshiwe, i-iPhone izokwenqaba ukwenza isipele ngokuzenzakalela ku-iCloud kuze kufakwe iphasiwedi entsha. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi i-iPhone yayivikelwe iphasiwedi abaphenyi ababengayazi, abakwazanga ukuqinisekisa iphasiwedi entsha. Ngakho-ke ikhophi yasenqolobaneni entsha ayizange yenzeke. U-Apple uthi i-FBI yenze kabusha iphasiwedi ngenxa yokuntula isineke, futhi ochwepheshe banikina amakhanda nabo ngakho. Ngokusho kwabo, leli yiphutha eliyisisekelo enqubweni yocwaningo. Ukube iphasiwedi ibingashintshwanga, isipele ngabe senziwe futhi i-Apple ibizohlinzeka ngedatha ku-FBI ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngale ndlela, noma kunjalo, abaphenyi ngokwabo bazincisha lokhu okungenzeka, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, iphutha elinjalo lingase libuyele kubo ekuphenyweni okungenzeka kwenkantolo.

Ingxabano i-FBI eqhamuke nayo ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwephutha elishiwo ngenhla, lokuthi empeleni ngeke ikwazi ukuthola idatha eyanele ku-iCloud backup, njengokungathi itholwe ngokomzimba ngokuqondile ku-iPhone, ibonakala iyangabazeka. Ngasikhathi sinye, uma ekwazile ukuthola iphasiwedi ku-iPhone, idatha izotholwa kuyo cishe ngendlela efanayo nezipele emsebenzini we-iTunes. Futhi ziyefana naku-iCloud, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nokubonga okuningiliziwe kuzipele ezivamile. Futhi ngokusho kwe-Apple, zanele. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi kungani i-FBI, uma ifuna okungaphezu nje kwesipele se-iCloud, ingazange itshele i-Apple ngokuqondile.

Akekho ozohlehla

Okungenani manje, kuyacaca ukuthi alukho uhlangothi oluzohlehla. “Embangweni waseSan Bernardino, asizami ukubeka isibonelo noma ukuthumela umyalezo. Kumayelana nomhlatshelo nobulungisa. Kwabulawa abantu abayishumi nane kwathi izimpilo nezidumbu zabaningi zacwiywa. Sibakweleta uphenyo olunzulu lwezomthetho nolochwepheshe,” wabhala emazwaneni amafushane, umqondisi we-FBI uJames Comey, ngokusho ukuthi inhlangano yakhe ayifuni noma iyiphi i-backdoors kuwo wonke ama-iPhones, ngakho-ke i-Apple kufanele ibambisane. Ngisho nezisulu zokuhlaselwa kweSan Bernardino azihlangene. Abanye basohlangothini lukahulumeni, abanye bayakwamukela ukufika kwe-Apple.

I-Apple isalokhu iqinile. "Asizizwa kahle ngokuba sohlangothini oluphambene necala lamalungelo nenkululeko kuhulumeni okufanele abavikele," kubhala uTim Cook encwadini ayibhalela abasebenzi namuhla, enxusa uhulumeni ukuthi awuhoxise lo myalelo futhi esikhundleni salokho adale. ikhomishana eyisipesheli eyakhiwe ngochwepheshe abazohlola lonke udaba. "I-Apple ingathanda ukuba yingxenye yalokho."

Eduze kwenye incwadi evela ku-Apple kuwebhusayithi yayo udale ikhasi elikhethekile lombuzo nezimpendulo, lapho ezama ukuchaza amaqiniso ukuze wonke umuntu aliqonde kahle lonke icala.

Intuthuko eqhubekayo ecaleni ingalindelwa ngaphambi koLwesihlanu, Februwari 26, lapho u-Apple kufanele aphawule ngokusemthethweni ngomyalelo wenkantolo, ofuna ukuwuchitha.

Umthombo: I-CNBC, I-TechCrunch, BuzzFeed (2) (3), Ezomthetho, Reuters
Photo: I-Kārlis Dambrāns
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