Petr Škuta Kungekudala, kwavezwa amaphutha amabili amakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-Intel processors. Ngeshwa, akuthathanga isikhathi eside ukuthi kuvele omusha. Ibizwa nge-ZombieLoad futhi iyasebenza kuma-Mac.
Futhi kuzoba namamodeli amaningi athintekile. Ukuba sengozini kubonakala kuwo wonke ama-Intel processors kusukela ngo-2011 kuze kube manje. Ngokuyisisekelo wonke ama-Mac athulwe kule minyaka azohlushwa yikho.
Kungaba njalo okuthakaselayo
UDan Pražák I-Intel izoba nenkinga enkulu. Icala langaphambilini le-"Meltdown" kanye ne-"Specter" yokukhubazeka akulimazi yena kuphela, kodwa futhi nabacubungula be-AMD. Kodwa-ke, iphutha elisha lezokuphepha lithinta kuphela amaphrosesa aklanywe yi-Intel.
Indlela ebizwa nge-ZombieLoad isebenzisa impatho yephrosesa lapho ilayishwe kakhulu. Ngokuyisebenzisa, umhlaseli ube esekwazi ukuthola cishe yonke idatha ecutshungulwayo futhi egcinwa kunqolobane yayo ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngakho-ke konke ukuhlasela kuhlanganisa ukulayishwa ngokweqile okuhlosiwe kwephrosesa ngedatha ngokwezinga lapho indlela yokuvikela ukugcwala kakhulu iqaliswa. Ngokushesha nje lapho iphrosesa ithola ukuthi ngeke isakwazi ukuphatha idatha, ifinyelela ku-microcode kunqolobane futhi izame ukuvimbela ukuphahlazeka.
Esimeni esijwayelekile, uhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye olusebenzayo lukwazi ukufinyelela idatha yalo kuphela. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokuhlasela okuphumelelayo kwe-ZombieLoad, idatha "iyachichima" phezu kwesitaki futhi yonke ilayishwa kunqolobane. I-software enonya iyakwazi ukuvele iwafunde futhi iwakhohlise.
Iziqephu ze-ZombieLoad kufanele zitholakale maduze
Isampula yevidiyo ikhombisa ngokusobala ukuhlaselwa okunjalo lapho idatha yesiphequluli sewebhu isetshenziswa kabi. Ngakho-ke umhlaseli uyakwazi ukufunda yonke idatha, kuhlanganise naleyo ecutshungulwe iziphequluli ezivikeleke kakhulu njenge-Tor. Lokhu kokugcina kuncike emshinini wayo obonakalayo kanye ne-sandboxing, kodwa futhi ihambisa idatha ezocutshungulwa yi-processor, okuthi ngemva kokuhlasela kokuhlasela iveze ezandleni zesofthiwe enonya.
I-Intel idale isethi yezibuyekezo ze-microcode ezihlanza isitaki sememori futhi idatha ngeke ikwazi ukufinyelelwa ngisho nalapho igcwele amandla futhi indlela yokuphepha iyacushwa. Amapeshi azotholakala kulo lonke uhla lwamaphrosesa asuka e-Xeons, ngokusebenzisa amaphrosesa ezakhiwo ze-Broadwell, iSandy Bridge, i-Skylake ne-Haswell.
Kungaba njalo okuthakaselayo
Kodwa-ke, lezi akuzona zonke izakhiwo ezisetshenzisiwe, futhi ezintsha ezifana ne-Kaby Lake, i-Coffee Lake, i-Whisky Lake nezinye zisalinde ama-patches. IMicrosoft kanye ne-Apple kulindeleke ukuthi bafake phakathi ukulungiswa ekubuyekezweni kwezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ngokushesha okukhulu. I-Google ne-Mozilla futhi bahlela ukubuyekeza iziphequluli zabo zewebhu.
Kubuyekeziwe: I-Apple ifake ukulungiswa kusibuyekezo macOS 10.14.5. Ngaphandle uma unezizathu ezingathi sína zokungabuyekezi, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ufake le nguqulo ngokushesha okukhulu.
I-Apple ibonakala inokuphikisana okukodwa kokuhamba kancane futhi ngokuqinisekile iqale uguquko oseluqagelwe isikhathi eside kumaphrosesa ayo ezakhiwo ze-ARM.
Umthombo: AppleInsider
Amaphrosesa e-AMD ahlushwa izimbungulu ze-Specter kanye ne-Meltdown ngezinga elincane kakhulu kune-Intel processors (bona https://meltdownattack.com)
Ukulungiswa okufakwe yi-Apple kusibuyekezo se-10.14.5 kuvikela kuphela isistimu yokusebenza, namanje uhlelo lokusebenza olunonya lungantshontsha idatha kolunye uhlelo lokusebenza. Futhi lokho kungenxa yokuthi umthelela ekusebenzeni ungama-3%. Uma besebenzisa ukuvikela kuyo yonke ibhodi, umthelela bekungaba ukwehla kokusebenza ngo-40%.