Ladislav Soukup Impi yama-megapixel yamakhamera ahlangene isivele iwumkhuba ojwayelekile, kodwa omakhalekhukhwini abakaze babambe iqhaza kakhulu. Iningi lamafoni omakhalekhukhwini ahlala ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa nama-megapixels futhi agcina ecishe abe ngu-8 Mpix. Kodwa yini ebaluleke ngempela ezithombeni zekhwalithi? Ingabe i-41 Mpix iyadingeka ngempela?
Izinzwa
Uhlobo nokulungiswa kwenzwa kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ngezinga elithile kuphela. Ikhwalithi yengxenye ye-optical nayo idlala indima enkulu, okuyinkinga enkulu ngomakhalekhukhwini. Uma i-optics ingeyona eyekhwalithi ephezulu, ngisho nesixazululo esingu-100 Mpix ngeke sikusindise. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngemuva kwe-optics yekhwalithi ephezulu, inzwa enokulungiswa okuphezulu ingavele ibonakale. Enye inkomba ebalulekile ngaphandle kwesinqumo uhlobo lwenzwa kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-photocells ngamanye.
Ubuchwepheshe ezithakazelisayo futhi Inzwa ekhanyisiwe emuva, i-Apple ekade iyisebenzisa kusukela ku-iPhone 4. Inzuzo ukuthi lolu hlobo lwenzwa lungathwebula cishe u-90% wamafotoni, esikhundleni se-60% evamile yenzwa ye-CMOS yakudala. Lokhu kwehlise kakhulu izinga lomsindo wedijithali izinzwa ze-CMOS ezivame ukuhlushwa yiwo. Okungenye inkomba ebalulekile yekhwalithi. Ezimweni ezimbi zokukhanya, umsindo uvela ngokushesha kakhulu esithombeni futhi ungehlisa kakhulu izinga lesithombe. Futhi ama-megapixel amaningi endaweni encane (noma iseli lenzwa elincane), umsindo ubonakala ngokwengeziwe, okuyisizathu esiyinhloko esenza ama-photomobiles ngokuvamile anamathele phansi empini ye-megapixel, futhi i-Apple yanamathela ku-4 Mpix nge-iPhone. 5 futhi nge-iPhone 4S kuphela eyashintshela ku-8 Mpix, lapho kwasala khona i-iPhone 5.
Ake silolane
Ikhono le-optics lokugxila libaluleke kakhulu... esikhathini esidlule (iPhone 3G) i-lens yayilungisiwe futhi ukugxila kwakugxilwe ebangeni elithile - ikakhulukazi ebangeni le-hyperfocal (okungukuthi ukujula kwenkambu kugcina ncamashi infinity futhi iqala eduze kwekhamera ngangokunokwenzeka) . Namuhla, iningi lamafoni amakhamera ashintshele kuma-optics akwazi ukugxila, i-Apple yenza kanjalo nge-iPhone 3GS ene-iOS 4.
Ikhamera yedijithali
Enye ingxenye ebalulekile iphrosesa yesithombe, enakekela ukuhumusha idatha kusuka kunzwa kuya esithombeni esiwumphumela. Abanikazi bamakhamera edijithali e-SLR cishe sebejwayelene nefomethi ye-RAW, "edlula" le processor bese ifaka isofthiwe ekhompyutheni kuphela (kodwa namuhla futhi kumathebulethi). Iphrosesa yesithombe inomsebenzi wezinto ezimbalwa - susa umsindo (isoftware), ibhalansi emhlophe (ukuze amathoni ombala ahambisane neqiniso - kuncike ekukhanyeni kwesithombe), dlala nge-tonality yemibala esithombeni (okuluhlaza futhi ukugcwala okwesibhakabhaka kwengezwe kuzindawo, njll..) , lungisa umehluko wesithombe nokunye ukulungiswa okuncane.
Kukhona futhi izinzwa ezinalokho kanye 40 Mpix futhi zisebenzisa "iqhinga" ukunciphisa umsindo... Iphikseli ngalinye lihlanganiswa kusuka kuma-photocells amaningi (amaphikiseli kunzwa) futhi iphrosesa yesithombe izama ukushaya umbala ofanele kanye nokuqina kuleyo pixel. . Lokhu kuvame ukusebenza. I-Apple ayikasondeli kumasu afanayo, ngakho-ke ihlala phakathi kwezinhle kakhulu. Elinye iqhinga elithokozisayo livele muva nje (futhi alikakasetshenziswa ekusebenzeni nanoma iyiphi i-photomobile) - I-ISO ekabili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isigamu senzwa siskena ngokuzwela okukhulu kanti enye ingxenye inokuzwela okuncane, futhi futhi i-pixel ewumphumela ihlanganiswa kusetshenziswa iphrosesa yesithombe - le ndlela cishe inemiphumela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa umsindo kuze kube manje.
Zoom
I-zoom nayo iyisici esisebenzayo, kodwa ngeshwa ayibonisi kumakhalekhukhwini, kodwa ikakhulukazi idijithali kuphela. I-Optical zoom ngokusobala ingcono - akukho ukucekelwa phansi kwesithombe. Ukusondeza kwedijithali kusebenza njengokunqampuna okujwayelekile kwesithombe, okungukuthi imiphetho iyasikwa bese isithombe sivela sakhulisiwe; ngeshwa ngezindleko zekhwalithi. Abanye abakhiqizi bahamba ngendlela yezinzwa ezingama-40 zeMpix, lapho ukunqampuna kwedijithali kulula khona - kuningi okumelwe kuthathwe kukho. Isithombe esiwumphumela sibe sesiguqulwa sisuka ekulungisweni okuphezulu siye ezingeni elicishe libe ngu-8 Mpix.
[do action="citation”]Isithombe esihle asenziwa ikhamera, kodwa senziwa umthwebuli.[/do]
Ngisho noma kulokhu kungekho ukuwohloka kwesinqumo esikhulu (emva kokulondoloza, isithombe sihlala sincane kunenombolo yangempela yamaphuzu ku-sensor), kuyoba nokuwohloka ezingeni lenzwa, lapho amaphuzu ngamanye amancane ngakho-ke angaphansi. iyazwela ekukhanyeni, okusho ngeshwa umsindo owengeziwe. Kodwa ngokujwayelekile akuyona indlela embi futhi inengqondo. Sizobona uma i-Apple ilandela i-iPhone entsha. Ngenhlanhla ye-iPhone, kukhona amalensi ambalwa akhiphekayo angangeza ukusondeza okubonakalayo okunomthelela omncane kukhwalithi - vele, okuningi kuncike kwikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo.
vutha
Ngokuthatha izithombe kumnyama, iningi lomakhalekhukhwini namuhla selivele lisebenzisa "i-flash", okungukuthi i-LED diode emhlophe, noma i-xenon flash. Ezimweni eziningi iyasebenza futhi iyasiza, kodwa ezithombeni ngokuvamile, i-on-axis flash ibhekwa njengesenzo esibi kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-flash yangaphandle (enkulu futhi isindayo kunomakhalekhukhwini) akwenzeki, ngakho i-off-axis flash izohlala iyisizinda sabathwebuli bezithombe be-DSLR abangochwepheshe nabachwepheshe isikhathi eside. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi i-iPhone ngeke isetshenziselwe ukuthwebula izithombe ezingeni professional Ngemva kwakho konke, zibheke professional izithombe nge iPhone 3GS.
[youtube id=TOoGjtSy7xY wide=”600″ height="350″]
Ikhwalithi yesithombe
Okusiletha enkingeni evamile: "Angikwazi ukuthatha isithombe esihle kangaka ngaphandle kwekhamera ebiza kakhulu." Ungakwazi. Isithombe esihle asenziwa yikhamera, kodwa ngumthwebuli wezithombe. Ikhamera yedijithali ye-SLR enelensi yekhwalithi ebizayo iyohlala ingcono kuneselula, kodwa kuphela ezandleni zomthwebuli wezithombe onolwazi. Umthwebuli wezithombe omuhle uzothatha isithombe esingcono ngefoni ephathekayo kunabaningi abangebona abathwebuli abanekhamera ebizayo ye-SLR - ngokuvamile futhi ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe.
Sabelana ngezithombe
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzuzo enkulu yama-smartphones kanye ne-iOS ngokujwayelekile inani elikhulu lezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlela izithombe nokwabelana kwazo okulula nokusheshayo, okuyinto i-iOS ngokwayo ehlala ithuthuka futhi yanda. Umphumela uba ukuthi isithombe esivela ku-iPhone sesilungile futhi kwabelwana ngaso emizuzwini embalwa, kuyilapho uhambo olusuka kukhamera ye-SLR luya ezinkundleni zokuxhumana luthatha amahora ambalwa (okuhlanganisa nohambo oluya ekhaya nokucubungula). Imiphumela ivame ukufana kakhulu.
Uhlelo lokusebenza olwakhelwe ngaphakathi ku-iOS luyakwazi ukuzilawula ngokwalo. Kubasebenzisi abafuna kakhulu, kukhona futhi iqembu elikhulu lezinhlelo zokusebenza eziqondiswe kubasebenzisi abathuthuke kakhulu ezinohlu olukhulu lwezinketho. Uhlelo lokusebenza lunikeza cishe amathuba amaningi I-PureShot, isibuyekezo sakhe esikulungiselela wena. Sibe sesiba nesethi yesibili yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakalayo zokuhlela isithombe. Iqembu elihlukile izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekela kokubili ukuthatha izithombe nokuhlela okulandelayo - isibonelo, kuhle kakhulu Ikhamera +.
Mhlawumbe ukuphela komkhawulo we-iPhone ukugxila… okungukuthi, ikhono lokugxila ngesandla. Kunezithombe lapho i-autofocus enhle kakhulu ihluleka futhi kuba sekhonweni lomthwebuli wezithombe "ukudlula" imikhawulo futhi athathe isithombe. Yebo, ngabe ngithathe isithombe esingcono esinomsindo omncane ngekhamera ye-SLR kanye nelensi enkulu, kodwa uma ngiqhathanisa i-iPhone nekhamera "evamile" ehlangene, imiphumela isivele isondelene kakhulu, futhi i-iPhone ngokuvamile iwina ngenxa yekhono. ukucubungula nokwabelana ngesithombe ngokushesha.
Ngokwami, ngicabanga ukuthi kuwukweqisa ukuqhathanisa umthwebuli wezithombe ochwepheshe ne-iPhone VS nomsebenzisi ongenalwazi onekhamera ye-SLR yochwepheshe. Uma othile ethenga i-SLR ewuchwepheshe ngelensi yekhwalithi, akusona isaqala, kodwa okungenani. umuntu osafunda ozoba nezithombe ezingcono izikhathi ezingu-100 kunomthwebuli wezithombe oqeqeshiwe one-iPhone. Akukona ize ukuthi ngibhikishele kwelinye lamajenali abathwebuli bezithombe ukuthi kufanele basebenzise ama-iPhone esikhundleni sama-SLR nokuthi banamahloni ngomsebenzi wabo. Noma ubani obone ukuqhathaniswa kwezithombe ezivela embikweni we-iP VS SLR wazi kahle ukuthi ikhwalithi yehle ngokushesha kangakanani. Kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko, umthwebuli wezithombe uthola i-iPhone yokuthwebula izithombe, kodwa akasanqatshelwe ukusebenzisa imishini ebizayo yasestudiyo, okuhlanganisa nemodeli enhle :D Ngiyazibuza ukuthi ubeyosabela kanjani uma kufanele athathe izithombe ebusuku kuphela. ngaphansi kwenyanga nezinkanyezi - lokho kungaba umphumela oyinhlekelele ;-)
Kulelo phephabhuku, akubona abathwebuli bezithombe kodwa ngabahleli ababathethisayo ngokuthatha izithombe nge-iPhone ngoba umthwebuli wayilahla iphephabhuku. Ngazi izimfundamakhwela ezimbalwa ezithenge amakhamera e-SLR abiza kakhulu futhi izithombe zabo zimbi kakhulu kunalawo athathwe nge-iPhone.
Ngisamile kweyami, ukuthi ukuqhathanisa akunangqondo futhi nginamathela kuphela ngokweqisa. Isisho esifanelekile kuleli cala: Ofuna ukushaya inja uyohlala eyitholile induku.
Ilensi engiyisebenzisayo eyezemidlalo yokudubula, lapho umthwebuli emi kude kakhulu futhi nezimo zokukhanya zingezinhle -> i-iP ezandleni zikachwepheshe u-VS Nikon D600 ezandleni ze-ateur ngokudutshulwa okulandelanayo.
Umehluko? I-Abysal ivuna i-amateur. I-Hul ingatholakala njalo ;-)
Ngakho yebo, kungaphezulu kancane, kodwa hhayi kakhulu. Ngahlangana nabantu abaningi abanemishini yezithombe ye-100000 nangaphezulu, kodwa ngaphandle kolwazi oluncane. Yebo, azikho eziningi zazo (uma ngingazibali izivakashi zaseJapane), kodwa zikhona.
Uma kungenjalo, umthwebuli wevidiyo ngeke athwebule izinto eziningi ngekhamera ye-SLR ngaphandle kokukhanya kwestudiyo... yazi ukuthi izithombe eziningi zangaphandle ezenziwe ngesitayela zingenziwa nge-iPhone futhi ngenxa yalokho zingase zingabonakali kangako... Yebo. , uchwepheshe ngeke athwebule umsebenzi okhokhelwayo ngefoni ephathekayo (uma engakhokhiwe ngumkhiqizi wefoni), kodwa ngokuvamile kungenzeka futhi abaningi abathwebuli bezithombe ngesikhathi sabo samahhala bafakazela ukuthi kungenzeka :)
kodwa kumayelana nokuthi lokhu okulandelayo kuyasebenza: "ikhamera engcono kakhulu yilena enginayo" - ikhamera ye-SLR ekhaya iwusizo kakhulu kimi... futhi nginomakhalekhukhwini wami cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi : )
Kuyajabulisa ukuzwa lawa magama, ngokwesibonelo, kumthwebuli wezithombe, othi, kowamanqamu, afune ukuthenga iCanon 5D Mark III esikhundleni sikaMark II, abekade ephethe.
I-Demagoguery to the nth :-) Lapha futhi othile uzama ukusitshela ukuthi izithombe ze-iPhone zilingana nezithombe ezivela kukhamera yesithombe. umakhalekhukhwini awusoze waba ne-optics, ububanzi be-lens kanye nobukhulu be-chip njengoba ikhamera inakho. AKUZE.
Futhi kusukela kuhlelo lokusebenza lwenhloso eyodwa kuya ohlotsheni olukhethiwe lomphumela osheshayo, ukuhlela ku-PC kuyalingana. Umusho ongikhathaza kakhulu yilo musho: "Imiphumela ivame ukufana kakhulu." LOL, ngakho-ke uma unomsebenzi omningi ezandleni zakho nasekhanda, ukuhlela kukhompuyutha ngeke kukulondoloze, lokho kuyiqiniso. futhi ngisho nomphumela we-vintage opholile kakhulu ovela kolunye uhlelo lokusebenza oluyisiphukuphuku ngeke ululondoloze. kuzoba isithombe nje. i.e. uhlelo lokusebenza olufana nekhamera+ ngeke luqhathaniswe ne-Aperture noma i-Photoshop Simply NEVER.
Nje. Akuwona umdlali ofanayo, ngisho iligi efanayo. Lona umdlalo ohluke ngokuphelele! Okuwukuphela kwento engiyaziyo ukuthi ngesithombe esiyimfihlo, lapho engizoxoshwa khona ngekhamera ye-SLR, angikwazi ukuyisa olwandle, njll., noma ngenxa yesimo esiphuthumayo engifuna ukwabelana ngaso ngokushesha iwebhu. i-albhamu yokugcina, kodwa ngizoyifuna kukhamera ye-SLR, ngeke ngikhulume ngalokho.
Awuvunyelwe yini olwandle ngekhamera ye-SLR? Kumelwe ukuba ngabe ngisemhlabeni iminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokuba ngihlangabezane nalokhu kuvinjelwa. Kimi, isithombe esiphuthumayo yilesi -> ukuthatha isithombe somnyango wemoto ophukile, yebo, i-iP isebenze kahle ngale njongo.
Yebo. Futhi inkumbulo engu-640 KB kufanele yanele wonke umuntu... ;-)
I-iPhone 5 kanye nezingcingo eziphathwayo ezihlonipheke kakhulu zingathwebula izinto ezifanayo ezandleni ze-amateur njengama-compact ajwayelekile. Umsebenzisi ojwayelekile akadubuli nge-RAW, akadlali ngembobo nokujula kwenkambu, futhi amazinga okuxazulula nomsindo ngokuvamile anele ngezinjongo ezidingwa umsebenzisi (ukwabelana ku-FB, ama-imeyili ambalwa, isethulo esithile sewebhu, okunye isithombe esinefomethi encane). Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma kumnandi ukushaya indlwabu phezu kwekhwalithi ye-SLR, iqiniso liwukuthi "ngokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya okunjalo ngumsebenzisi ojwayelekile" ucingo oluthatha izithombe ezihloniphekile luyindlela eyanele ngokwanele. Eqinisweni, ikhwalithi yalokho okuphuma emafonini anamuhla ingcono kakhulu (uma ngingakunaki ukujula kwensimu) kunokuba, isibonelo, kusukela kumakhamera wefilimu ochwepheshe ngesikhathi uLeica ewenza adume, futhi nakuba sisancoma izithombe. kuleyo mishini. Lokhu ngikusho ngomthwalo ogcwele futhi njengomuntu othatha izithombe nabo.
Ngekhamera enkulu, umuntu uthola ikhwalithi yesithombe, kodwa udela amapharamitha abaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaningi - ukulungela, ukutholakala kanye nokusebenziseka kalula. Futhi ukukhetha akukhona phakathi kokuba nesithombe sekhwalithi ephezulu nesithombe sekhwalithi yobuchwepheshe obuncane, kodwa phakathi kokuba nesithombe noma ukungathathi nhlobo isithombe.
Noma ngine-Hasselblad namanye amafomethi aphakathi nendawo ekhaya, i-Leicas, i-MarkIIs enenqwaba yamalensi e-L, ngithatha iningi lezithombe nge-iPhone ngoba iseduze uma ngiyidinga...njalo...hhayi kuphela uma Ngicabanga kusenesikhathi ukuthi ngizothatha izithombe MANJE. Ikhwalithi yesithombe-ke iyindaba yekhono lokuthwebula izithombe kanye nokuzijwayeza okuncane.
Yebo uqinisile. lezo zigaba ezimbili ziqukethe kancane umcabango wami wasekuqaleni. ukuhambisana nokulungela. futhi yebo, i-virtuoso ingadlala ngisho nensimbi embi. Akungabazeki ngakho.
Ubhala ngamakhono afaka ikhwalithi yesithombe bese uphatha iMark II, ephikisana ngokuphelele.
Cishe awuguliswa yizihloko ezifanayo.
>"Lapha futhi othile uzama ukusitshela ukuthi izithombe ze-iPhone zilingana nezithombe ezivela kukhamera yesithombe".
Ngasifunda sonke lesi sihloko futhi akuzange kuphume lutho kuso. Ngokubona kwami, umbhali ufingqa kahle ukuthi yini engenziwa ngocingo oluphathekayo nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zalo zangempela.
Ngicabanga ukuthi wonke umuntu onengqondo uzoqonda ukuthi umakhalekhukhwini awukwazi ukuqhathaniswa ne-DSLR. Kodwa amafoni omakhalekhukhwini anamuhla asevele elungile ngokwanele ukuthatha isithombe esihle nabo - ukuze basetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile ekhaya, ohambweni ... Futhi ngivumelana ngokuphelele nombono wokuthi isithombe esihle ngokuyinhloko sithathwe ngumthwebuli wezithombe.
ikhamera ehamba phambili ihlale ileyo onayo uma udinga ukuthatha isithombe... ngokuvamile akuyona i-dslr ;o)
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu sekhwalithi yobuchwepheshe yesithombe ubukhulu bomzimba be-chip kanye nekhwalithi yokubona. Inombolo yamaphikseli kufanele ilingane nosayizi obonakalayo we-chip.