Amaya Toman Ngo-1989, u-Apple waqasha uThomas Rickner. Bekuyisiqalo sohambo olwafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngokuthi kwethulwe amafonti alungele ukuphrinta kuwo wonke amakhompyutha.
I-typography ekhungathekisayo
U-Rickner wanquma umsebenzi wakhe maphakathi nawo-1980, kodwa uprofesa wakhe we-typography wayenombono ohlukile futhi wamnika iseluleko esisodwa kuphela: "Ungakwenzi." “Wangitshela ukuthi kuyindlela eya ekukhungathekeni,” kukhumbula uRickner kamuva, wengeza ngokuthi ukuba ngumklami kulo mkhakha kwakungelula ngaleso sikhathi. Lo mkhakha awufundiswanga ezikoleni futhi beziyingcosana izinkampani ebezikwazi ukuhlinzeka abantu ngemfundo ngale ndlela. Kodwa uRickner walandela indlela yakhe futhi akazange alandele iseluleko sikaprofesa - futhi wenza kahle.
Ukufika kanye nokukhula kwamakhompiyutha omuntu emashumini amabili eminyaka alandelayo kubangele, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukwanda kwe-typography kanye namathuba amakhulu kakhulu kubo bonke ababefuna ukubhekana nalo mkhakha. I-Apple nayo inokufaneleka okubalulekile kulokhu.
U-Rickner ekuqaleni wayesebenza e-Imagen, inkampani yokuphrinta i-laser. Kodwa ngo-1988, abakwazanga ukuphrinta noma iyiphi ifonti efakwe kuyi-computer. Babeneqoqo labo lamafonti, aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile imodeli ngayinye. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, u-Rickner wanikwa umsebenzi wokuklama izinhlelo ezithuthukisa indlela abalingiswa abakhonjiswa ngayo ngosayizi abahlukene.
Igalari yezithombe
U-Rickner kamuva wajoyina i-Apple njengomdidiyeli omkhulu wokuthayipha. Indima yakhe lapha yayibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba omunye wemisebenzi ye-Mac kwakuwukuguqula ukuthayipha kwekhompyutha. U-Apple ubelokhu yakhela ngasese indlela yokubonisa amafonti ezinkampani zangaphandle ngokuqondile ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-Mac. Kuze kube ngu-1991, i-Macintoshes isekela kuphela amafonti e-bitmap wemingcele ethile, ngakho ayengasebenzisi kakhulu ochwepheshe bokudala.
Kungaba njalo okuthakaselayo
U-Klára Jelinková Ifonti yazo zonke izikhathi
Iphrojekthi u-Rickner asebenzela kuyo kwa-Apple yayibizwa nge-“TrueType,” futhi inhloso yayo kwakuwukuthuthukisa amakhono okubonisa amafonti ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-Mac. Amafonti e-TrueType ayengeyona i-bitmap, kodwa ahunyushwa ngokwezwi nezwi njengohlaka futhi aboniswa esikrinini sekhompyutha ngekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, kunoma imuphi usayizi nokulungiswa. Ukufika kwamafonti e-TrueType kwavula umnyango wamafonti okwakuze kube yileso sikhathi kuphela asesebenziseka kumaphrinta, okuwavumela ukuthi abe yidijithali.
Amafonti e-TrueType abe khona kusukela ngo-1991. Ukuze lawa mafonti abe izinga langempela, i-Apple yawanikeza ilayisense ku-Microsoft - amafonti okuqala e-TrueType aqalwa ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Windows 3.1. Ngokushesha kakhulu kwaba nokusabalala okukhulu kwamafonti e-TrueType, futhi u-Rickner ukhuluma "ngokwenziwa kwentando yeningi ku-typography". U-Apple wayefuna ukuhumusha kwefonti kube yingxenye eyinhloko yanoma iyiphi isistimu yokusebenza, njengoba kusobala njengokukopisha amafayela noma ukuphatha inkumbulo.
Ukufika kwamafonti e-TrueType kumake iphoyinti langempela loshintsho kubo bonke abasebenzisi. Ngokungazelele bathola amakhulu amafonti, aziwa emaphephandabeni nakomagazini, ngekhwalithi yokuphrinta, esikhundleni sokuthola amafonti anokucaca okuphansi ayishumi nambili kuphela. Ngokushesha ngemva kokwethulwa ngempumelelo kwe-TrueType, u-Rickner washiya i-Apple wayosebenzela i-Monotype ngo-1994. “Kuhlale kungimangaza ukuthi ekamelweni eligcwele abasiki bengqephu abancane, yimina omdala,” esho ngomsebenzi wakhe weMonotype ngo-2016.
Umthombo: FastCoDesign
Akwanele ukukopisha i-athikili, kufanele futhi iqinisekiswe. Vele, amafonti e-vector abeku-Mac kusukela ngo-84, phela ukwakhiwa kwe-DTP kwakuhlobene nawo. Isizathu esenza i-Apple ithuthukise i-TrueType ukuthi bekufanele ikhokhe inani eliphezulu lesixazululo esiqhudelanayo esivela ku-Adobe (Type1). izimali. Bona i-Wiki nanoma yikuphi kwenye indawo ukuze uthole okwengeziwe. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostScript_fonts)
Impela. Uguquko lwangempela lwe-DTP seluvele lwenzeka maphakathi nawo-80, futhi "i-troika" yadlala indima ebalulekile kuyo: I-PostScript evela ku-Adobe, i-Pagemaker evela ku-Aldus kanye ne-LaserWriter yakwa-Apple. Futhi isabelo esithile singabuye sifakwe ezinkampanini ezifana ne-Scitex, Iris noma i-Linotype. Futhi uma sikhuluma nge-TrueType... Ingabe i-Apple ivele inike ilayisensi le fonti ku-Microsoft? Nginombono wokuthi i-MS ibambe iqhaza ngqo ekuthuthukisweni…