Amaya Toman Emavikini asanda kwedlula, sikwazise ngemizamo yePhalamende laseYurophu ukwethula emhlabeni wonke izesekeli zokushaja ezifanayo zamadivayisi eselula ahlakaniphile ayo yonke imikhiqizo. I-Apple iphikisana ngokuqinile nale misebenzi, ngokusho ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa okubanzi kwamashaja kungalimaza emisha. Kodwa yini ngempela iPhalamende laseYurophu elicelayo futhi yimiphi imiphumela engaba nayo ukusebenzisa lo mthetho?
Kungaba njalo okuthakaselayo
Izidingo ze-EU
Phakathi kwezizathu ezenze amalungu ePhalamende laseYurophu ukuba athumele isiphakamiso sokuhlanganiswa kwamachweba kumashaja yimizamo yokunciphisa izindleko, ukwenza ukuphila kwabasebenzisi kube lula futhi, okokugcina, imizamo yokunciphisa umthamo wemfucuza ye-elekthronikhi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamashaja kufanele kusebenze kuwo wonke ama-smartphone, amaphilisi kanye namanye amadivaysi eselula. Ucwaningo lwango-2019 lubonise ukuthi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu zabasebenzisi kwadingeka babhekane nezinkinga ezinkulu esikhathini esidlule ezazihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwamashaja angajwayelekile. Lezi kwakuyizinkinga, isibonelo, zokungahambelani kwamashaja phakathi kwamadivaysi eselula ahlukene, umehluko wesivinini sokushaja noma isidingo sokuhlala uphethe izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezintambo zokushaja nezinye izesekeli nawe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwe-European Union, ukwethulwa kwamashaja afanayo kunganciphisa umthamo wemfucuza kagesi ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-51 ngonyaka. Iningi lamalungu ePhalamende laseYurophu avotele ukwethulwa komthethonqubo ofanele.
Imemorandamu ehlulekile
I-European Commission ibilokhu ithuthukisa imisebenzi ehloselwe ukuhlanganisa amashaja iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. I-EU ekuqaleni ibifuna ukuhlanganisa izimbobo zokushaja ngokuqondile kumadivayisi eselula, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuhlanganiswa kwamatheminali eshaja kwabonakala kulula ukukusebenzisa. Ngo-2009, ngokwemininingwane yeKhomishini, balinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-500 omakhalekhukhwini abasetshenziswa emazweni e-European Union. Izinhlobo zamashaja zazihlukene kumamodeli ahlukene - noma kunalokho abakhiqizi - bekukhona izinhlobo ezicishe zibe ngamashumi amathathu ezihlukene emakethe. Ngalowo nyaka, i-European Commission yakhipha imemorandamu efanele, eyasayinwa izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ze-14, kuhlanganise ne-Apple, i-Samsung, i-Nokia namanye amagama adumile. Iningi labakhiqizi bama-smartphone libe selivuma ukwethula izixhumi ze-microUSB njengezinga elijwayelekile lamashaja e-smartphone.
Ngokwalolu hlelo, amafoni amasha kwakufanele adayiswe kanye namashaja e-microUSB isikhathi esithile, ngemva kwalokho amafoni namashaja kwakufanele kudayiswe ngokwehlukana. Abasebenzisi asebevele beneshaja esebenzayo babengakwazi ukuthenga i-smartphone ngokwayo uma bethuthukele ekubeni imodeli yocingo entsha.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, kwaqala ukuqagela (ngokufanelekile) mayelana nokuthi i-Apple izokwazi yini ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo. Ngaleso sikhathi, amadivaysi eselula avela ku-Apple ayefakwe isixhumi esibanzi samaphini angama-30, ngakho-ke iziphetho zezintambo zokushaja nazo zazihlukile. I-Apple ikwazile ukweqa umthetho ongaqondile kancane ngokuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzise i-adaptha - isinciphisi esikhethekile safakwa kukhebula le-MicroUSB, eligcina ngesixhumi samaphini angama-30, ebese sixhunywa ocingweni. Ngo-2012, inkampani ye-Cupertino yashintsha isixhumi se-30-pin ngobuchwepheshe be-Lightning, futhi njengengxenye yesivumelwano esishiwo ngenhla, yaqala nokunikeza i-adaptha ethi "Lightning to microUSB". Ngenxa yalokhu, i-Apple iphinde yasigwema isibopho sokwethula izixhumi ze-microUSB zamashaja kumadivayisi ayo eselula.
Kwathi ngo-2013, kwakhishwa umbiko wokuthi u-90% wamadivayisi eselula emakethe ngaleso sikhathi asekela ubuchwepheshe bokushaja obuvamile. Kodwa-ke, lesi sibalo siphinde safaka namacala lapho umenzi avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzise i-adaptha ye-microUSB, njengoba kwakunjalo nge-Apple.
Omunye wamalungu e-European Commission waphawula ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi ngokombono wezakhamuzi zamazwe e-EU futhi ngokombono wamalungu ekhomishana, ishaja evamile ayikho. Ukwehluleka kwememorandamu kwaphoqa iKhomishini YaseYurophu ngo-2014 ukuba yenze umsebenzi onzima nakakhulu, okwakufanele uholele ekuhlanganisweni kwamashaja. Kodwa-ke, izinga le-microUSB selivele lingasebenzi ngokusho kwabanye, futhi ngo-2016 ikhomishini yabona ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-USB-C empeleni sebuphenduke indinganiso entsha.
Kungaba njalo okuthakaselayo
David Hanak Apple imibhikisho
Kusukela ngo-2016, i-Apple ibone ubuchwepheshe be-USB-C njengesixhumi esibonakalayo esijwayelekile sokushaja ama-adaptha, kodwa ayifuni nje ukukusebenzisa njengezinga lezixhumi zedivayisi kanjalo. Ukuxhumana kwe-USB-C kwethulwe, ngokwesibonelo, emachwebeni e-iPad Pros yakamuva kanye nama-MacBook amasha, kodwa amanye amadivaysi eselula e-Apple asafakwe imbobo yombani. Ngenkathi ukushintshwa kwezinga le-USB-A nge-USB-C yokushaja ama-adaptha (okungukuthi, ekugcineni kwentambo eshuthekwe ku-adaptha yokushaja) ngeke (ngokusobala) kube inkinga, ukwethulwa okusabalele kwe-USB-C. amachweba esikhundleni se-Lightning, ngokusho kuka-Apple, angabiza futhi angalimaza ukuqanjwa kabusha. Kodwa-ke, i-Apple ayikukhuthalele kakhulu ukuguqula isuka ku-USB-A iye ku-USB-C.
Le nkampani isekele izimpikiswano zayo ocwaningweni olwenziwe yi-Copenhagen Economics, ngokusho kwalokho ukwethulwa kwezinga lokushaja okufanayo kumadivayisi ekugcineni kungadla abathengi ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,5. Lolu cwaningo luqhube lwathi u-49% wemizi emazweni ase-European Union isebenzisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zamashaja, kodwa u-0,4% wale mizi okuthiwa unezinkinga. Ngo-2019, nokho, i-European Commission yaphelelwa isineke ngendlela abanye abakhiqizi abangenacala ngayo ekwamukelweni kokuzithandela kwezinga lokushaja umfaniswano, futhi yaqala ukuthatha izinyathelo zokukhipha umthetho oyisibopho.
Igalari yezithombe
Yini ezolandela?
I-Apple iqhubekile nokunamathela ezingxoxweni zayo, okusho ukuthi ukwethulwa kwendinganiso yokushaja okuhlanganisiwe kungalimazi nje izinto ezintsha, kodwa ngisho nemvelo, njengoba uguquko olukhulu kubuchwepheshe be-USB-C lungaholela ekudalweni okungazelelwe kwenani elikhulu le-e- imfucuza. Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, iPhalamende LaseYurophu ivotele ngazwi linye ukuthi lethule umthetho ofanele ngalezi zinketho ezilandelayo:
- Inketho 0: Amakhebuli azonqanyulwa nge-USB-C noma esinye isiphetho, umenzi uzovumela amakhasimende ukuthi athenge i-adaptha ehambisanayo.
- Inketho 1: Amakhebuli azonqanyulwa ngesiphetho se-USB-C.
- Inketho 2: Amakhebuli kufanele anqanyulwe ngesiphetho se-USB-C. Abakhiqizi abafuna ukuqhubeka nokunamathela kusixazululo sabo bazodinga ukungeza i-adaptha ye-USB-C kudivayisi kanye nesixhumi samandla se-USB-C ebhokisini.
- Inketho 3: Amakhebuli azoba nokunqanyulwa kwe-USB-C noma ngokwezifiso. Abakhiqizi abakhetha ukusebenzisa itheminali yangokwezifiso bazodinga ukungeza i-adaptha yamandla ye-USB-C kuphakheji.
- Inketho yesi-4: Izintambo zizofakwa isiphetho se-USB-C nhlangothi zombili.
- Inketho yesi-5: Zonke izintambo zizofaniswa netheminali ye-USB-C, abakhiqizi kuzodingeka bafake i-adaptha eshaja ngokushesha engu-15W+ namadivayisi.
I-European Union ihlose ukuhlanganisa izixazululo zokushaja zamadivayisi eselula ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuqanjwa kabusha kobuchwepheshe kwesikhathi esizayo. Ngokulinganisa izixazululo zokushaja, i-EU ifuna ukuzuza ukwehla kwezintengo kanye nokwenyuka kwekhwalithi, kanye nokunciphisa ukwenzeka kwezinto ezingezona ezangempela, ezingaqinisekisiwe futhi ngenxa yalokho ezingaphephile nezesekeli zokushajwa. Kodwa-ke, asikho isinqumo esenziwe mayelana nokuthi wonke umthethonqubo uzobukeka kanjani ekugcineni.
Emhlabeni bangabayala kanjani ukuthi babeke kuphi, phela kubheke phansi.. :-(
I-EU yakudala. Izinto ezingabalulekile neze ziyaxazululwa, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi iCoca Cola ithengwe lapha yehlukile kweyaseGermany liyihlaya. Ngeneliseke ngokuphelele ngokukhanyisa. Isixhumi sekhwalithi. Esikhathini lapho wonke umuntu wayene-microUSB eyisiphukuphuku owawungakwazi ukuyixhumela ngemva kokuhwalala, umbani oqinile futhi osemaceleni amabili wawuyisimangaliso. Nginenqwaba yamashaja namakhebuli e-Apple ekhaya. Ngokuphathelene nami, ngeke kudingeke banginike noma iyiphi ikhebula nhlobo yefoni yami elandelayo. Futhi ngisho neshaja. Ishaja eluhlaza kakhulu ayinayo nhlobo ishaja.
Ekugcineni, i-EU izonyathela i-Apple, engenamahloni okuthengisa intambo ye-CZK 590 futhi iqoqe izimali zamalayisensi kwabanye abakhiqizi. Ngaphandle kwe-EU, wonke umkhiqizi uzoba nesixhumi sakhe futhi ukuxoxa bekungeke kube okwangempela.
Impela :)
Lapho izinyathelo ze-EUROOBolshevik, utshani abukhuli lapho iminyaka eyi-100. Kungani izikhulu ezithile kufanele zikhulume nezixhumi zethu? Yini abazoyihlanganisa ngokulandelayo?
Uzosilungisa nini isakhiwo esiphukile? Awuhlanyi?