Isebenza kanjani iFirewall neFileVault kuMac

Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-macOS olunika amandla amakhompiyutha we-Apple ngokuvamile lubhekwa njengelinye eliphephe kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa neWindows, empeleni akukho okungamangaza ngakho, njengoba inani elincane kakhulu labantu lisebenza kuma-Mac, yingakho kungadingeki babhekane nokuhlaselwa okuhlukahlukene nokunye okunjalo njalo. Ama-Mac avikelwe ngokukhethekile yisethi yamathuluzi ahlukahlukene, inhloso yawo ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okungcono kakhulu kwawo wonke umsebenzisi we-Apple.

Phakathi kwamathuluzi okukhulunywe ngawo, singafaka, isibonelo, i-firewall noma i-FileVault. Yomibili le misebenzi isebenzela ukuvikela umsebenzisi, kodwa kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngayinye yazo igxile kokuthile okuhluke ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke ake sichaze kafushane ukuthi umsebenzi ngamunye wenzani, yimaphi amakhono awo, nokuthi kungani kufanele uwavule.

firewall

I-firewall iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza zanamuhla, ezinakekela ukuphatha nokuvikela ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi. Empeleni, isebenza njengendawo yokulawula echaza imithetho yokuxhumana phakathi kwamanethiwekhi. Amakhompyutha we-Apple ane-OS X 10.5.1 (nakamuva) afakwe okuthiwa i-firewall yohlelo lokusebenza, engasetshenziswa ukulawula ukuxhumana okusekelwe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ngazinye esikhundleni samachweba, okuletha izinzuzo eziningi, kuyilapho futhi kuvimbela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingafuneki ekulawuleni. kwezinye izimbobo zenethiwekhi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zingavulelwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihluke ngokuphelele neziqinisekisiwe ngesikhathi esithile.

Uyenza kanjani i-Firewall isebenze

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Konke kusebenza kalula futhi ngokujwayelekile kuyanconywa ukuthi ube ne-firewall esebenzayo. Kulokhu, udinga nje ukuya kokuthi Okuthandwayo Kwesistimu > Ukuphepha Nobumfihlo > I-Firewall, chofoza isithonjana se-padlock ezansi kwesokunxele, qinisekisa nge-password/ID yokuthinta bese uvula i-firewall ngokwayo. Uma uchofoza inkinobho ye-Firewall Options, ungaphinda uhlole izilungiselelo ezihlukahlukene futhi, isibonelo, uvimbele ukuxhumeka okungenayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ngazinye. Ngokufanayo, okuthiwa imodi engabonakali ingasethwa lapha. Uyobe usungabonakali ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zenethiwekhi usebenzisa i-ICMP (efana ne-ping).

Ekugcineni, nokho, kungashiwo ukuthi awudingi ukusetha noma yini nge-firewall - kumane kwanele ukuthi isebenze. Kamuva, ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kufakwa uhlelo olusha, uhlelo lwe-macOS lungabona ukuthi luwuhlelo olusemthethweni, nokuthi lugunyaze yini uxhumano olungenayo noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, luvimbe. Noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza olusayinwe i-CA evumelekile lugunyazwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kodwa kuthiwani uma uzama ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza olungasayiniwe? Esimeni esinjalo, uzokwethulwa ngebhokisi lengxoxo elinezinketho ezimbili - Vumela noma Yenqaba ukuxhumana kohlelo lokusebenza - kodwa kufanele uqaphele kakhulu kulokhu.

FileVault

Njengokunye okungeziwe okuhle, sineFileVault enakekela ukubethela i-boot disk yethu nge-XTS-AES-128 ngokhiye we-256-bit. Lokhu kwenza idiski yokuqalisa icishe inganqamuki futhi ivikelwe ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale sibonise ukuthi ungawuvula kanjani umsebenzi nhlobo. Ngaphambi kwalokho, noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhomba ukuthi umsebenzi IFayileVault 2 kutholwe ku-OS X Lion. Ukuyivula, vele uye kokuthi Okuthandwayo Kwesistimu > Ukuphepha Nobumfihlo > I-FileVault, lapho okumele ukwenze nje ukuqinisekisa ngenkinobho yokuvula i-FileVault. Kodwa uma unabasebenzisi abaningi ku-Mac yakho, ngamunye wabo kuzodingeka afake iphasiwedi yakhe ngaphambi kokuvula idrayivu.

Uyenza kanjani i-FileVault

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Esinyathelweni esilandelayo, uhlelo luzokubuza ukuthi uyafuna yini ukusebenzisa i-akhawunti yakho ye-iCloud ukuze uvule idrayivu. Lena indlela elula yokusetha kabusha igama eliyimfihlo elikhohliwe ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi uzivikele ezikhathini ezingemnandi. Enye inketho ukudala lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukhiye wokutakula. Nokho, khumbula ukuthi kufanele uyigcine iphephile - kodwa hhayi kudiski yokuqalisa ngokwayo. Futhi lokhu kwenziwa ngokoqobo. Ukubethela manje kusebenza ngemuva, kodwa kuphela lapho i-Mac iphapheme futhi ixhunywe emandleni. Yebo, akukho okukuvimbela ukuthi uyisebenzise ngokujwayelekile ngokuphelele. Uma ukubethela sekuqediwe, uzodinga ukufaka iphasiwedi ukuze uvule idrayivu yokuqala njalo uma uqala kabusha i-Mac yakho. Ngaphandle kokungena ngemvume, i-FileVault ngeke ikuvumele uhambe.

Kodwa futhi ungavala i-FileVault. Ungafinyelela lokhu ngenqubo efanayo bese uqinisekisa ukukhetha ngephasiwedi. Njengoba nje ukubethela kwenzeka, idatha ekudiski yokuqalisa kufanele isuswe ukubethela kulesi sinyathelo. Nokho, ngokuvamile kuyanconywa ukuthi uvule umsebenzi.