Ladislav Soukup I-Apple ngesonto eledlule yethule, phakathi kwezinye izinto i-Apple TV entsha ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-tvOS. Iqiniso lokuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivela ku-App Store zingafakwa ebhokisini elimnyama elisha ngokuqinisekile lenze abathuthukisi bajabule kakhulu.
Onjiniyela banezinketho ezimbili. Bangabhala uhlelo lokusebenza lwendabuko olukwazi ukufinyelela ngokugcwele ihadiwe ye-Apple TV. I-SDK etholakalayo (isethi yemitapo yolwazi yabathuthukisi) ifana kakhulu nalokho onjiniyela asebekwazi kakade ku-iPhone, i-iPad, futhi izilimi zokuhlela ziyefana - I-Objective-C kanye ne-Swift encane.
Kodwa ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula, i-Apple inikeze abathuthukisi inketho yesibili ngendlela ye-TVML - Ulimi Lokumaka Kamabonakude. Uma uzwa sengathi igama elithi TVML libukeka ngokusolisayo njenge-HTML, uqinisile. Iwulimi lwemakhaphu ngempela olusekelwe ku-XML futhi lufana kakhulu ne-HTML, kuphela lulula kakhulu futhi lune-syntax eqinile. Kepha ilungele ngokuphelele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana neNetflix. Futhi abasebenzisi bazozuza futhi, ngoba ukuqina kwe-TVML kuzokwenza izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-multimedia zibukeke futhi zisebenze ngendlela efanayo.
Indlela eya kuhlelo lokusebenza lokuqala
Ngakho-ke into yokuqala okufanele ngiyenze kwakuwukulanda inguqulo entsha ye-beta yemvelo yokuthuthukiswa kwe-Xcode (inguqulo 7.1 iyatholakala lapha). Lokhu kwanginika ukufinyelela ku-tvOS SDK futhi ngakwazi ukuqala iphrojekthi entsha eqondiswe ngokukhethekile isizukulwane sesine se-Apple TV. Uhlelo lokusebenza lungaba i-tvOS kuphela, noma ikhodi ingangezwa kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-iOS olukhona ukuze udale uhlelo lokusebenza "lomhlaba wonke" - imodeli efana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iPhone ne-iPad namuhla.
Inkinga yokuqala: I-Xcode inikeza kuphela ikhono lokudala uhlelo lokusebenza lwendabuko. Kodwa ngisheshe ngathola isigaba emibhalweni esizosiza abathuthukisi baguqule lolu hlaka lwamathambo futhi balulungiselele i-TVML. Ngokuyisisekelo, imigqa embalwa yekhodi ku-Swift ukuthi, ku-Apple TV, yenza into enesikrini esigcwele futhi ilayishe ingxenye eyinhloko yohlelo lokusebenza, esivele ibhalwe ku-JavaScript.
Inkinga yesibili: Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-TVML zifana ngempela nekhasi lewebhu, ngakho-ke yonke ikhodi nayo ilayishwa ku-inthanethi. Uhlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo empeleni "luyi-bootloader", luqukethe kuphela ubuncane bekhodi nezinto eziyisisekelo zesithombe (isithonjana sohlelo lokusebenza nokunye okunjalo). Ekugcineni, ngifake ngempumelelo ikhodi ye-JavaScript eyinhloko kuhlelo lokusebenza futhi ngathola ikhono okungenani lokubonisa umlayezo wephutha wangokwezifiso lapho i-Apple TV ingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi.
Inkinga yesithathu encane: i-iOS 9 kanye nayo i-tvOS idinga ngokuqinile ukuthi konke ukuxhumana okuya ku-inthanethi kwenzeke kubethelwe nge-HTTPS. Lesi isici esethulwe ku-iOS 9 kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza futhi isizathu siwukucindezela kubumfihlo bomsebenzisi nokuvikeleka kwedatha. Ngakho-ke kuyodingeka ukuthi kufakwe isitifiketi se-SSL kuseva yewebhu. Ingathengwa ngemali encane njenge-$ 5 (imiqhele ye-120) ngonyaka, noma ungasebenzisa, isibonelo, isevisi ye-CloudFlare, ezonakekela i-HTTPS ngokwayo, ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwezimali. Inketho yesibili ukuvala lo mkhawulo wohlelo lokusebenza, okungenzeka okwamanje, kodwa ngokuqinisekile ngeke ngikuncome.
Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa okufunda amadokhumenti, lapho kusenamaphutha amancane ngezikhathi ezithile, ngisebenzise uhlelo lokusebenza oluyisisekelo kodwa olusebenzayo. Ibonise umbhalo odumile othi "Sawubona Umhlaba" nezinkinobho ezimbili. Ngichithe cishe amahora amabili ngizama ukwenza inkinobho isebenze futhi empeleni ngenze okuthile. Kodwa uma ngicabangela izikhathi zasekuseni, ngancamela ukuyolala… futhi kwakuyinto enhle leyo.
Ngolunye usuku, ngibe nombono oqhakazile wokulanda isampula ye-TVML esenziwe ngomumo ngokuqondile ku-Apple. Ngithole engangikufuna ngokushesha okukhulu kukhodi futhi inkinobho yayibukhoma futhi isebenza. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngithole nezingxenye ezimbili zokuqala zesifundo se-tvOS ku-inthanethi. Zombili izinsiza zisize kakhulu, ngakho ngaqala iphrojekthi entsha futhi ngaqala isicelo sami sangempela sokuqala.
Isicelo sokuqala sangempela
Ngaqala ngokuphelele kusukela ekuqaleni, ikhasi lokuqala le-TVML. Inzuzo ukuthi i-Apple ilungiselele izifanekiso ze-TVML esenziwe ngomumo eziyi-18 zonjiniyela ezidinga nje ukukopishwa emibhalweni. Ukuhlela isifanekiso esisodwa kuthathe cishe ihora, ikakhulukazi ngoba bengilungiselela i-API yethu ukuthumela i-TVML eqediwe nayo yonke idatha edingekayo ku-Apple TV.
Isifanekiso sesibili sithathe cishe imizuzu eyi-10 kuphela. Ngingeze ama-JavaScripts amabili - iningi lamakhodi kuwo livela ngqo kwa-Apple, kungani-ke ukuvuselela isondo. I-Apple ilungiselele imibhalo enakekela ukulayisha nokubonisa izifanekiso ze-TVML, okuhlanganisa inkomba yokulayisha okuqukethwe enconyiwe kanye nokuboniswa kwephutha okungenzeka.
Ngaphansi kwamahora amabili, ngikwazile ukuhlanganisa uhlelo lokusebenza olungenalutho, kodwa olusebenzayo lwe-PLAY.CZ. Ingakwazi ukubonisa uhlu lweziteshi zomsakazo, ingakwazi ukuhlunga ngohlobo futhi ingaqala umsakazo. Yebo, izinto eziningi azikho kuhlelo lokusebenza, kodwa izinto eziyisisekelo ziyasebenza.
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Inzuzo ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza empeleni alulutho ngaphandle kwenguqulo ekhethekile yewebhusayithi, enikwa amandla yi-JavaScript futhi ungasebenzisa i-CSS ukuguqula ukubukeka.
U-Apple usadinga ezinye izinto ezimbalwa ukuze uzilungiselele. Isithonjana sohlelo lokusebenza asisona esisodwa, kodwa ezimbili - ezincane nezikhudlwana. Intsha ukuthi isithonjana asisona isithombe esilula, kodwa siqukethe umphumela we-parallax futhi sakhiwe izendlalelo ezingu-2 kuya kwezingu-5 (ingemuva, izinto eziphakathi nendawo nangaphambili). Zonke izithombe ezisebenzayo kulo lonke uhlelo lokusebenza zingaqukatha umphumela ofanayo.
Isendlalelo ngasinye siwumfanekiso nje ongemuva osobala. I-Apple isilungiselele esayo isicelo sokuhlanganisa lezi zithombe ezinezingqimba futhi ithembisa ukukhipha i-plugin yokuthekelisa ye-Adobe Photoshop maduze nje.
Enye imfuneko yisithombe "Seshalofu Eliphezulu". Uma umsebenzisi ebeka uhlelo lokusebenza endaweni evelele kumugqa ophezulu (eshalofini eliphezulu), uhlelo lokusebenza kufanele futhi lunikeze okuqukethwe kwedeskithophu ngaphezu kohlu lohlelo lokusebenza. Kungase kube nesithombe nje esilula noma kungaba indawo esebenzayo, isibonelo ngohlu lwamamuvi ayizintandokazi noma, kithi, iziteshi zomsakazo.
Onjiniyela abaningi bayaqala ukuhlola amathuba e-tvOS entsha. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukubhala uhlelo lokusebenza lokuqukethwe kulula kakhulu, futhi i-Apple ihambe ibanga elide kubathuthukisi abane-TVML. Ukwakha uhlelo lokusebenza (isibonelo i-PLAY.CZ noma i-iVyszílő) kufanele kube lula futhi kusheshe. Kunethuba elihle lokuthi inani elikhulu lezicelo lizobe selilungile ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba i-Apple TV entsha izodayiswa.
Ukubhala uhlelo lokusebenza lwendabuko noma ukuthumela umdlalo usuka ku-iOS uye ku-tvOS kuzoba inselele kakhulu, kodwa hhayi kakhulu. Isithiyo esikhulu kuzoba izilawuli ezihlukene kanye no-200MB umkhawulo wohlelo lokusebenza ngalunye. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwendabuko lungadawuniloda ingxenye elinganiselwe yedatha esitolo, futhi konke okunye kufanele kulandwe ngokungeziwe, futhi asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi isistimu ngeke isuse le datha. Nokho, abathuthukisi bazobhekana nalo mkhawulo ngokushesha, futhi ngenxa yokutholakala kwesethi yamathuluzi ebizwa ngokuthi "App Thinning", nayo eyingxenye ye-iOS 9.
Isihloko esihle. Ngiyabonga. Mhlawumbe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sizobona ku-Apple futhi isisombululo somsebenzisi sokulungiselela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula (izixazululo), njengoba kungenzeka ngeFayileMaker ye-iOS, ngaphandle kokuthi mina ngibe umthuthukisi.
Ngokombono... isilayishi se-Swift imigqa embalwa esafana, kuphela i-URL yefayela lokuqala le-TVML elishintshayo. Uma othile efuna, cishe angabhala iskripthi esingasebenzisa ukude isakhiwo nge-URL yakho futhi abuyisele ifayela le-IPA. Noma uma une-mac, akunankinga ukuthumela iphrojekthi, lapho uvele ubeke khona i-URL bese uqala ukwakha. Okuhle ukuthi uma i-TVML ingaphandle kohlelo lokusebenza, udinga kuphela isakhiwo esisodwa somphakathi kanye nesakhiwo esisodwa sangasese (sokuthuthukiswa), futhi ungashintsha kuphela i-TVML kuseva kanjalo nokusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza.
"Uhlelo lokusebenza lungaba i-tvOS kuphela, noma ikhodi ingangezwa kuhlelo lokusebenza olukhona lwe-iOS ukuze udale uhlelo lokusebenza 'olulingana nobukhulu obufanayo' - imodeli efana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iPhone ne-iPad namuhla."
Kazi usho ukuthini? Ngokwami, angizange ngithole noma yikuphi indlela yokwenza i-1 ukwakha okuzofaka i-iPhone yonke indawo, i-iPad ne-Apple TV. Kukhona engikushodayo ?
ku-Xcode 7.1 izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-tvOS zingangezwa njengenye ithagethi kuphrojekthi esivele ikhona - efana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Apple Watch noma mhlawumbe iwijethi yesikhungo sezaziso. Nokho, angikazi okwamanje ukuthi izolayishwa kanjani esitolo... Ngicabanga ukuthi i-Xcode izothumela iphakheji elilodwa bese i-App Store izobe isilihlukanisa... Cishe kufana nalokho abakwenzayo nge-Watch manje.
noo.. ngokubona kwami, lezi yizinto ezi-2 ezihluke ngokuphelele.. iwashi liyisandiso.. noma okungenani kwaze kwaba yilapho i-watchOS 2.0.. yanikezwa kanye ne-iOS target futhi ayizange isebenze ngaphandle kwe-iPhone.. I-ATV iyibhizinisi elihlukene 2$ yakhela kokubili i-iOS ne-ATV. umndeni we-ATV..
ngakho-ke ukwethulwa kwangempela kuzokhombisa, kepha kuziphatha ngendlela efanayo nekhodi ye-Apple Watch, ngokwesibonelo. Uma kungenjalo, imibhalo ithi kuzokwazi ukwengeza ikhodi ye-tvOS ohlelweni olukhona futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuzokwazi ukuthengisa uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa (inkampani eyodwa esitolo sezinhlelo zokusebenza) kuzo zombili i-iOS ne-tvOS ngesikhathi esisodwa - ukuthenga okukodwa ikhasimende, noma njengebhizinisi elihlukile - ukuthenga okuhlukile kwe-iOS kanye ne-tvOS.
Ukucacisa nje, akuwona u-200MB ngohlelo lokusebenza ngalunye, kodwa okungu-200MB kugcinwe endaweni bese okunye kulandwe ku-net uma kudingeka.
Ngiyabonga, yilokho ebengikucabanga, kodwa mhlawumbe ngikhulume kabi. Yonke into engaphezu kuka-200MB (noma yonke into elandiwe ngaphezu kwalokho) igcinwa njengenqolobane futhi uma isistimu inquma ukuthi iphelelwa yisikhala, iqala ukuyisusa - okungenzeka ukuthi ngeke yenzeke kuze kube nesikhala esanele samahhala bese kuba nokuqukethwe okusetshenziswa kancane. izosuswa, ngakho-ke ekusebenzeni ngeke kube yinkinga enkulu.
Yini enye okufanele ngithole, kuthiwa lo mkhawulo ngeke usebenze emidlalweni, noma umdlalo ungaba mkhulu kuno-200MB khona kanye esisekelweni. Kodwa namanje angazi kahle ukuthi lokhu kuqondwa kanjani. Kungenzeka impela ukuthi i-Apple isalungisa le nqubomgomo ngokwempendulo evela konjiniyela.
hehe Pokemon TCG – 4 GB, Oda isiphithiphithi ku-inthanethi – 1,6 GB Hearthstone 1,3 GB Ngilangazelela ukwazi ngalokhu.
kwakukhona ulwazi lokuthi imidlalo inemodi ekhethekile. Ngihlanganisa imininingwane manje futhi sizoqedela isihloko.
Angikwazi ukukwenza, futhi ngiyaxolisa kusengaphambili uma ngicasula noma ubani, kodwa nginenjabulo enkulu, eqotho neqotho engangifuna ukwabelana nawe...
Ngosuku olungemva kokumenyezelwa kwe-Apple TV entsha, angizange ngivilaphe futhi ngibhalisele ilotho ye-Apple (ingabe ngizokhetha?) nginethuba lokuthola Ikhithi Yonjiniyela ngisho nangaphambi kokuba iqale ukudayiswa.
Izolo kusihlwa, i-Apple yangibhalela ukuthi ingikhethele iqoqo lokuqala :)
Ngakho-ke, angifani nombhali wale ndatshana, futhi ngisebenza ngokwethembeka ku-Preschool Brasnicce ye-Apple TV - etholakala ku-App Store yakho phakathi no-Okthoba :)
ngakho-ke nginomuzwa wokuthi wonke umuntu obhalisile kungenzeka ukuthi uyitholile :) Ngiphinde nga-oda izolo futhi ngibheke ngabomvu ngempela... Futhi ngazi omunye umuntu futhi olinde ukulethwa kwakhe...
Noma kunjalo, kuze kube manje kubonakala sengathi kuzoba nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi lapho ukuthengiswa kuqala :)
Mhlawumbe akubona bonke abantu - abanginikanga :(
:( ngiyakudabukela.
Uma kukhona ongathanda, nginezitikha ze-Apple ezimhlophe eziyisishiyagalombili… ngingazithumela…