UFiliphu Novotny Sikulethela enye yezicwebezelisi zikaJohn Gruber. Kubhulogi yakho I-Fireball ehluphayo kulokhu kudingidwa udaba lokuvuleleka nokuvalwa kwezinkampani zobuchwepheshe eziholwa yi-Apple:
Umhleli uTim Wu kweyakhe isihloko umagazini The New Yorker wabhala ithiyori enhle mayelana nokuthi "ukuvuleka kunqoba kanjani ukuvaleka". U-Wu ufinyelele kulesi siphetho: yebo, i-Apple ibuyela emhlabeni ngaphandle kukaSteve Jobs, futhi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ukujwayelekile kuzobuya ngendlela yokuvuleleka. Ake sibheke izimpikiswano zakhe.
Kunesisho sakudala sobuchwepheshe esithi "ukuvuleka kufana nokuvalwa." Ngamanye amazwi, izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe ezivulekile, noma lezo ezivumela ukusebenzisana, zihlala ziwina umncintiswano wazo ovaliwe. Lona umthetho abanye onjiniyela abakholelwa kuwo ngempela. Kodwa futhi kuyisifundo esisifundiswe ngokunqoba kweWindows phezu kwe-Apple Macintosh ngeminyaka yawo-1990, ukunqoba kwe-Google kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, futhi ngokubanzi, impumelelo ye-inthanethi phezu kwezimbangi zayo ezivaliwe (khumbula i-AOL?). Kodwa ingabe konke lokhu kusasebenza nanamuhla?
Ake siqale ngokusungula omunye umthetho wesithupha wempumelelo yezohwebo kunoma iyiphi imboni: okungcono futhi okusheshayo kuvamise ukushaya okubi kakhulu nokunensa. Ngamanye amazwi, imikhiqizo ephumelelayo nezinsizakalo zivame ukuba ngcono ngokwekhwalithi futhi zisemakethe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. (Ake sibheke i-Microsoft nokungena kwayo emakethe yama-smartphone: i-Windows Mobile endala (née Windows CE) yafika eminyakeni yemakethe ngaphambi kokubili kwe-iPhone ne-Android, kodwa yayimbi kakhulu. I-Windows Phone iyisistimu eqinile ngokobuchwepheshe, eklanywe kahle wonke ama-akhawunti, kodwa ngesikhathi imakethe yayivele idatshulwe yi-iPhone ne-Android kudala - kwase kwephuze kakhulu ukuthi iqale.Akudingeki ukuthi ube ngohamba phambili noma ube ngowokuqala, kodwa abawinile ngokuvamile kahle ngazo zombili lezo zindlela.
Le theory ayiyona neze inkimbinkimbi noma ijulile (noma okwangempela); kumane kuwumqondo ophusile. Engizama ukukusho ukuthi ukungqubuzana kokuthi "ukuvuleleka ngokumelene nokuvala" akuhlangene nempumelelo yezentengiselwano ngeseku. Ukuvuleleka akuqinisekisi noma yiziphi izimangaliso.
Ake sibheke izibonelo zikaWu: "IWindows eyawina i-Apple Macintosh ngeminyaka yawo-90s" - i-duopoly yakwaWintel ngokungangabazeki kwakuyi-Mac ngeminyaka yawo-95s, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi iMac yayisezingeni eliphansi ngokwezinga. Ama-PC ayengamabhokisi e-beige, ama-Macintoshes abukeka kangcono amabhokisi e-beige. I-Windows 3 ihambe ibanga elide kusukela ku-Windows 95; iMac OS yakudala ayikashintshi eminyakeni eyishumi. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Apple yachitha zonke izinsiza zayo ezinhlelweni zesizukulwane esilandelayo ezingakaze zibone ukukhanya kosuku-iTaligent, Pink, Copland. I-Windows XNUMX ayizange igqugquzelwe yi-Mac, kodwa ngohlelo olusebenza kahle lwesikhathi sayo, i-NeXTSstep system.
Izinkinga ze-Apple ne-Mac ngawo-90 azizange zithonywe ukuthi i-Apple yayivalwe kakhulu, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, yayithonywe ngokuyisisekelo izinga lemikhiqizo yangaleso sikhathi. Futhi lokhu "kunqotshwa" kwakungokwesikhashana kuphela. I-Apple, uma sibala kuphela ama-Mac ngaphandle kwe-iOS, umkhiqizi we-PC onenzuzo kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi uhlala kwabahlanu abaphezulu ngokuya ngamayunithi athengisiwe. Eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule, ukuthengiswa kwe-Mac kudlule ukuthengiswa kwe-PC kuyo yonke ikota ngaphandle kokukhetha. Lokhu kubuya kwe-Mac akukhona nakancane ngenxa yokuvuleka okukhulu, kungenxa yokwenyuka kwekhwalithi: isistimu yokusebenza yesimanjemanje, isoftware eklanywe kahle kanye nehardware imboni yonke. isigqila amakhophi.
I-Mac yavalwa ngeminyaka yawo-80s futhi isachuma, njengoba i-Apple namuhla: inesabelo semakethe esihloniphekile, uma siyingcosana, kanye nemingcele emihle kakhulu. Yonke into yaqala ukuba yimbi kakhulu - mayelana nokwehla ngokushesha kwesabelo semakethe nokungabi nanzuzo - maphakathi nawo-90. I-Mac yabe ilokhu ivaliwe njengakuqala, kodwa yamile ngokobuchwepheshe nangobuhle. Kwalandela iWindows 95, nayo engazange ithinte "i-open vs. ivaliwe" isibalo kancane, kodwa ebambene ne-Mac kakhulu ngokwekhwalithi yokuklama. IWindows yachuma, iMac yenqaba, futhi lesi simo asibangelwanga ukuvuleka noma ukuvaleka, kodwa ngenxa yekhwalithi yokuklama nobunjiniyela. IWindows isithuthuke kakhulu, iMac ayikathuthuki.
Okufanekisa nakakhulu ukuthi ngemva nje kokufika kwe-Windows 95, i-Apple yavula kakhulu i-Mac OS: yaqala ukunikeza ilayisense uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza kwabanye abakhiqizi be-PC abakhiqiza ama-clone e-Mac. Lesi kube yisinqumo esivuleke kakhulu kuwo wonke umlando we-Apple Computer Inc.
Futhi naleyo eyacishe yaqothuka i-Apple.
Isabelo semakethe ye-Mac OS siqhubekile nokuntengantenga, kodwa ukuthengiswa kwehardware ye-Apple, ikakhulukazi amamodeli anemali ephezulu, kwaqala ukwehla.
Lapho Imisebenzi nethimba lakhe le-NeXT bebuya ukuzohola i-Apple, baluhlakaza ngokushesha uhlelo lokunikeza amalayisense futhi babuyisela i-Apple kunqubomgomo yokunikeza izixazululo eziphelele. Basebenza ikakhulukazi entweni eyodwa: ukudala okungcono - kodwa kuvaliwe ngokuphelele - ihadiwe nesoftware. Baphumelele.
"Ukunqoba kwe-Google kule minyaka eyishumi edlule" - ngalokhu i-Wu ngokuqinisekile ibhekise injini yokusesha ye-Google. Yini ngempela evuleleke ngale njini yokusesha uma iqhathaniswa nomncintiswano? Phela, ivaliwe ngazo zonke izindlela: ikhodi yomthombo, ama-algorithms wokulandelana, ngisho nokuhlelwa nendawo yezikhungo zedatha kugcinwa kuyimfihlo ngokuphelele. I-Google ibibusa imakethe yenjini yokusesha ngesizathu esisodwa: inikeze umkhiqizo ongcono kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sayo, yayishesha, inembe kakhulu futhi ihlakaniphe kakhulu, ihlanzekile ngokubonakalayo.
"Impumelelo ye-inthanethi ngaphezu kwezimbangi zayo ezivaliwe (khumbula i-AOL?)" - kulokhu, umbhalo kaWu ucishe ube nengqondo. I-inthanethi ngempela iwukunqoba kokuvuleleka, mhlawumbe okukhulu kunakho konke. Kodwa-ke, i-AOL ayizange iqhudelane ne-Intanethi. I-AOL iyisevisi. I-inthanethi iwuhlelo lwezokuxhumana emhlabeni wonke. Nokho, usadinga isevisi ukuze uxhume ku-inthanethi. I-AOL ayilahlekanga ku-inthanethi, kodwa ngenxa yekhebula nabahlinzeki besevisi ye-DSL. I-AOL ibibhalwe kabi, isofthiwe eklanywe ngendlela esabekayo ekuxhume ku-inthanethi isebenzisa amamodemu okudayela okunensa kakhulu.
Lesi sisho siphonselwe inselelo enkulu kule minyaka embalwa edlule, ngenxa yenkampani eyodwa ikakhulukazi. Ishaya indiva izinhloso zonjiniyela nabahlaziyi bezobuchwepheshe, i-Apple yaqhubeka nesu layo ekuvalwe kancane—noma “elihlanganisiwe,” njengoba u-Apple ethanda ukusho—futhi yenqaba lo mthetho oshiwo ngenhla.
Lo “mthetho” abanye bethu bawuphonsele inselelo enkulu ngoba kuwubuwula; hhayi ngoba okuphambene kuyiqiniso (okungukuthi, ukuthi ukuvala kuwina phezu kokuvuleka), kodwa ukuthi ukungqubuzana "okuvulekile vs. kuvaliwe" akunasisindo ekunqumeni impumelelo. I-Apple ayihlukile kulo mthetho; kuwukubonakaliswa okuphelele kokuthi lo mthetho awunanjongo.
Kodwa manje, ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule, i-Apple isiqala ukukhubeka ngezindlela ezinkulu nezincane. Ngiphakamisa ukuthi ubuyekeze umthetho omdala oshiwo: ukuvala kungaba ngcono kunokuvuleka, kodwa kufanele uhlakaniphe ngempela. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, embonini yemakethe engalindelekile, futhi uma kubhekwa amazinga ajwayelekile amaphutha omuntu, ukuvuleleka kusahambisana nokuvalwa. Ngamanye amazwi, inkampani ingavalwa ngokulingana ngqo nombono wayo kanye nethalente lokuklama.
Ngeke yini inkolelo-mbono elula ibe ngcono, ukuthi izinkampani ezinabaholi abanombono nabaklami abanekhono (noma abasebenzi bebonke) bavame ukuphumelela? Azama ukukusho uWu lapha ukuthi izinkampani "ezivalekile" zidinga umbono nethalente kunezinkampani "ezivalekile", okuwumbudane. (Amazinga avulekile ngokuqinisekile aphumelele kakhulu kunezindinganiso ezivaliwe, kodwa akukhona lokho uWu akhuluma ngakho lapha. Ukhuluma ngezinkampani nempumelelo yazo.)
Kumele ngiqale ngiqaphele izincazelo zamagama athi "vula" nelithi "valiwe", okungamagama asetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wezobuchwepheshe, kodwa achazwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Iqiniso liwukuthi awukho umphakathi ovuleke ngokuphelele noma ovalwe ngokuphelele; zikhona ku-spectrum ethile esingayiqhathanisa nendlela u-Alfred Kinsley achaza ngayo ubulili bomuntu. Kulokhu, ngiqonde inhlanganisela yezinto ezintathu.
Okokuqala, "okuvuliwe" kanye "nokuvaliwe" kunganquma ukuthi ibhizinisi livumela kangakanani ukuthi ubani ongasebenzisa futhi ongakwazi ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yalo ukuze axhumane namakhasimende alo. Sithi isistimu yokusebenza efana ne-Linux "ivuliwe" ngoba noma ubani angakha idivayisi ezosebenzisa i-Linux. I-Apple, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhetha kakhulu: ayisoze yalayisensa i-iOS ocingweni lwe-Samsung, ayisoze yathengisa i-Kindle ku-Apple Store.
Cha, ngokusobala babengeke ngempela bathengise i-Kindle hardware esitolo se-Apple njengoba bebengathengisa amafoni akwa-Samsung noma amakhompyutha akwa-Dell. Ngisho noDell noma i-Samsung ayithengisi imikhiqizo yakwa-Apple. Kepha i-Apple inohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Kindle ku-App Store yayo.
Okwesibili, ukuvuleka kungabhekisela endleleni inkampani yezobuchwepheshe eziphatha ngayo ngokungachemi kwamanye amafemu uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela eziphatha ngayo kuyona. IFirefox iphatha iziphequluli zewebhu eziningi ngendlela efanayo. I-Apple, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihlale iziphatha kangcono. (Zama ukususa i-iTunes ku-iPhone yakho.)
Ngakho leyo yincazelo yesibili kaWu yegama elithi "vula" - ukuqhathanisa isiphequluli sewebhu nohlelo lokusebenza. Nokho, i-Apple inesiphequluli sayo, iSafari, okuthi, njengeFirefox, iphathe wonke amakhasi ngendlela efanayo. Futhi i-Mozilla manje inesistimu yayo yokusebenza, lapho kuzoba khona okungenani izinhlelo zokusebenza ongeke ukwazi ukuzisusa.
Okokugcina, okwesithathu, ichaza indlela inkampani evulekile noma esobala ngayo mayelana nendlela imikhiqizo yayo esebenza ngayo nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani. Amaphrojekthi omthombo ovulekile, noma lawo asekelwe kumazinga avulekile, enza ikhodi yawo yomthombo itholakale ngokukhululekile. Nakuba inkampani efana ne-Google ivuliwe ngezindlela eziningi, iqapha kakhulu izinto ezifana nekhodi yomthombo wenjini yayo yokusesha. Isingathekiso esivamile emhlabeni wezobuchwepheshe ukuthi lesi sici sokugcina sifana nomehluko phakathi kwesonto lombhishobhi nendawo yemakethe.
U-Wu uvuma nokuthi izinto eziyigugu kakhulu ze-Google - injini yokusesha kanye nezikhungo zedatha ezinikeza amandla - zivaliwe njengesofthiwe ye-Apple. Akakhulumi ngeqhaza eliholayo le-Apple kumaphrojekthi womthombo ovulekile njengalena I-WebKit noma LLVM.
Ngisho ne-Apple kufanele ivuleke ngokwanele ukuze ingacasuli amakhasimende ayo kakhulu. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-Adobe Flash ku-iPad, kodwa ungakwazi ukuxhuma cishe noma iyiphi ihedisethi kuyo.
Flash? Uyini unyaka? Futhi awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-Flash kumathebulethi e-Amazon Kindle, amafoni e-Nexus we-Google noma amathebulethi.
Ukuthi "ukuvuleleka kuwina phezu kokuvala" kuwumbono omusha. Esikhathini esiningi sekhulu lamashumi amabili, ukuhlanganiswa bekubhekwa kabanzi njengendlela engcono kakhulu yenhlangano yebhizinisi. […]
Isimo saqala ukushintsha ngeminyaka yawo-1970. Ezimakethe zobuchwepheshe, kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kuya maphakathi neshumi leminyaka elidlule, izinhlelo ezivulekile zahlula izimbangi zabo ezivaliwe ngokuphindaphindiwe. I-Microsoft Windows yehlula izimbangi zayo ngokuvuleka kakhudlwana: ngokungafani nesistimu yokusebenza ye-Apple, eyayingcono kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, iWindows yayisebenza kunoma iyiphi i-hardware, futhi ungasebenzisa cishe noma iyiphi isofthiwe kuyo.
Futhi-ke, iMac ayikaze ishaywe, futhi uma ubheka umlando weminyaka eminingi wemboni ye-PC, yonke into iphakamisa ukuthi ukuvuleka akuhlangene nempumelelo, ingasaphathwa eye-Mac. Uma kukhona, kufakazela okuphambene. I-rollercoaster yempumelelo ye-Mac - phezulu ngawo-80, phansi ngeminyaka yawo-90, phezulu futhi manje - ihlobene kakhulu nekhwalithi ye-hardware ye-Apple nesofthiwe, hhayi ukuvuleka kwayo. I-Mac yenza kahle kakhulu uma ivaliwe, okungenani uma ivuliwe.
Ngasikhathi sinye, iMicrosoft yehlule i-IBM ehlanganiswe mpo. (Uyakhumbula i-Warp OS?)
Ngiyakhumbula, kodwa uWu ngokusobala akazange, ngoba uhlelo lwalubizwa ngokuthi "OS/2 Warp".
Uma ukuvuleka bekuwukhiye wempumelelo yeWindows, kuthiwani ngeLinux nedeskithophu? I-Linux ivuleke ngempela, nganoma iyiphi incazelo esiyisebenzisayo, ivuleke kakhulu kunalokho obekungenzeka iWindows. Futhi njengokungathi uhlelo lokusebenza lwedeskithophu alufaneleki lutho, njengoba lwalungakaze lube luhle kakhulu ngekhwalithi.
Kumaseva, lapho i-Linux ithathwa kabanzi njengephakeme kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe - iyashesha futhi ithembekile - ibe yimpumelelo enkulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ukube ukuvuleka bekubalulekile, iLinux ibizophumelela yonke indawo. Kodwa wehluleka. Kwaphumelela kuphela lapho kwakukuhle ngempela, futhi lokho kwakunjengohlelo lweseva.
Imodeli yasekuqaleni ye-Google yavuleka ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi yathathwa ngokushesha yi-Yahoo kanye nemodeli yayo yokukhokhela i-premium.
Ukufakazela iqiniso lokuthi i-Google ichithe izinjini zokusesha zesizukulwane sokuqala ezincintisanayo ekuvulekeni kwayo akulula neze. Injini yabo yokusesha yayingcono—hhayi nje ingcono kancane, kodwa yayingcono kakhulu, mhlawumbe izikhathi eziyishumi—ngazo zonke izindlela: ukunemba, isivinini, ubulula, ngisho nomklamo obonakalayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akekho umsebenzisi okwathi ngemva kweminyaka ene-Yahoo, Altavista, njll., wazama i-Google futhi wathi kuye: "Hawu, lokhu kuvuleke kakhulu!"
Iningi lezinkampani eziwinayo zeminyaka yawo-1980 no-2000, njengeMicrosoft, Dell, Palm, Google kanye neNetscape, beziwumthombo ovulekile. Futhi i-inthanethi ngokwayo, iphrojekthi exhaswe uhulumeni, yayivuleke ngendlela emangalisayo futhi iphumelele ngendlela emangalisayo. Kwazalwa ukunyakaza okusha kanye nalo mthetho wokuthi "ukuvuleka kunqoba ukuvala".
I-Microsoft: ayivuliwe ngempela, bavele banikeze ilayisense yezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza - hhayi mahhala, kodwa ngemali - kunoma iyiphi inkampani ezokhokha.
Dell: uvula kanjani? Impumelelo enkulu kaDell ayizange ibe ngenxa yokuvuleleka, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi inkampani yathola indlela yokwenza ama-PC ashibhe futhi asheshe ukwedlula izimbangi zayo. Ngokufika kokukhiqizwa kwempahla eChina, inzuzo kaDell yanyamalala kancane kancane kanye nokufaneleka kwayo. Lesi akusona isibonelo esigqamile sempumelelo eqhubekayo.
I-Palm: ngayiphi indlela evuleke kakhulu kune-Apple? Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayisekho.
I-Netscape: bakhe iziphequluli namaseva ewebhu evuleke ngempela, kodwa isofthiwe yabo yavalwa. Futhi okubalahlekisele ubuholi babo emkhakheni wesiphequluli kwaba ukuhlasela okuphindwe kabili kweMicrosoft: 1) IMicrosoft iqhamuke nesiphequluli esingcono, 2) ngesitayela esivalwe ngokuphelele (futhi futhi esingekho emthethweni), basebenzise ukulawula kwabo iWindows evaliwe. system futhi waqala ukuthumela i-Internet Explorer ngayo esikhundleni se-Netscape Navigator.
Ukunqoba kwamasistimu avulekile kwembule iphutha elibalulekile emiklamo evaliwe.
Kunalokho, izibonelo zikaWu zembula iphutha eliyisisekelo esicelweni sakhe: akulona iqiniso.
Okusiletha eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kanye nempumelelo enkulu ye-Apple. U-Apple ubelokhu ephula ngempumelelo umthetho wethu cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Kodwa kwakunjalo ngoba wayenezinhlelo ezingcono kakhulu; okungukuthi undlovukayiphikiswa onamandla aphelele naye owayeyisihlakaniphi. U-Steve Jobs uhlanganise inguqulo yebhizinisi yombono ka-Plato: inkosi yefilosofi esebenza kahle kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi intando yeningi. I-Apple yayincike emqondweni owodwa ophakathi nendawo obungavamile ukwenza iphutha. Ezweni elingenamaphutha, ukuvala kungcono kunokuvuleleka. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Apple yanqoba umncintiswano wayo isikhathi esifushane.
Indlela ka-Tim Wu kuso sonke isihloko iyahlehla. Esikhundleni sokuhlola amaqiniso futhi afinyelele isiphetho mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kwezinga lokuvuleleka nempumelelo yezentengiselwano, useqalile kakade ngenkolelo yalo mbono futhi wazama ukuhlanekezela amaqiniso ahlukahlukene ukuze avumelane nemfundiso yakhe. Ngakho-ke u-Wu uthi impumelelo ye-Apple kule minyaka engu-15 edlule akubona ubufakazi obungenakuphikwa bokuthi i-axiom "ukuvuleka kuwina phezu kokuvala" ayisebenzi, kodwa umphumela wamakhono ayingqayizivele kaSteve Jobs anqoba amandla okuvuleka. Nguye kuphela owayekwazi ukuphatha inkampani kanje.
UWu akaliphathanga nhlobo igama elithi "iPod" endabeni yakhe, wakhuluma nge-"iTunes" kanye kuphela - endimeni ecashunwe ngenhla, esola u-Apple ngokungakwazi ukukhipha i-iTunes ku-iPhone yakho. Ukweqiwa okufanele esihlokweni esikhuthaza ukuthi "ukuvuleka kuhambisana nokuvala." Le mikhiqizo emibili iyisibonelo seqiniso lokuthi kukhona ezinye izici ezibalulekile endleleni eya empumelelweni - iwina kangcono ngaphezu kokubi kakhulu, ukuhlanganiswa kungcono kunokuhlukana, ukulula kuwina phezu kobunzima.
U-Wu uphetha indaba yakhe ngalesi seluleko:
Ekugcineni, lapho umbono wakho kanye namakhono okuklama aba ngcono, yilapho ungazama khona ukuvalwa. Uma ucabanga ukuthi abaklami bomkhiqizo wakho bangakwazi ukulingisa ukusebenza okungenasici kweMisebenzi kule minyaka engu-12 edlule, qhubeka. Kodwa uma inkampani yakho iphethwe abantu kuphela, khona-ke ubhekene nekusasa elingalindelekile kakhulu. Ngokusho komnotho wephutha, uhlelo oluvulekile luvikeleke kakhulu. Mhlawumbe thatha lesi sivivinyo: vuka, ubheke esibukweni bese uzibuza - Ingabe nginguSteve Jobs?
Igama eliyinhloko lapha lithi "isiqiniseko". Ungazami nhlobo. Ungenzi lutho oluhlukile. Unganyakazisi isikebhe. Ungaphikisi umbono ojwayelekile. Gubha uye phansi nomfula.
Yilokho okucasula abantu nge-Apple. Wonke umuntu usebenzisa iWindows, pho kungani i-Apple ingakwazi ukwenza ama-Windows PC asesitayeleni? Ama-Smartphones ayedinga amakhibhodi ehadiwe namabhethri ashintshwayo; kungani i-apula lenza ezabo ngaphandle kokubili? Wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi udinga i-Flash Player yewebhusayithi egcwele, kungani i-Apple iyithumele ku-hilt? Ngemva kweminyaka engu-16, umkhankaso wesikhangiso othi "Cabanga Okuhlukile" wabonisa ukuthi wawungaphezu nje kobuqili bokuthengisa. Kuyisiqubulo esilula futhi esibucayi esisebenza njengomhlahlandlela wenkampani.
Kimina, inkolelo kaWu akukhona ukuthi izinkampani ziwina ngokuthi "zivulwe", kodwa ngokunikeza izinketho.
Ubani u-Apple onganquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza eziku-App Store? Ukuthi ayikho ifoni ezoba nokhiye behadiwe namabhethri angashintshwa. Ukuthi amadivaysi esimanje angcono ngaphandle kwe-Flash Player ne-Java?
Lapho abanye benikeza izinketho, i-Apple yenza isinqumo. Abanye bethu bayakwazisa okwenziwa abanye—ukuthi lezi zinqumo zazilungile.
Ihunyushwe futhi yashicilelwa ngemvume enomusa ka-John Gruber.
Angazi noma iphutha ku-iPhone, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukubhala kushoda ngamanye amagama. Phezu kwalokho, eminye imisho ayiphelele... Mhlawumbe ihunyushwe yi-Google hhayi ukufundwa kabusha.
Kungaqondwa njengombono wami (kaGruberov). Njengokuhlaziya, kunzima. Kuyangimangaza ukuthi abezindaba bashicilele.
Amazwana mahle kakhulu.
Ngakho ngokuzenzakalelayo ngoba uGruber wayibhala, ngeke ibe yiqiniso? Ngicela ningibonise akubhalile akulona iqiniso.
Lezi ukuhlaziya okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokungadingekile. I-Apple yashaywa ngentengo ngaleso sikhathi futhi izophinde yenzeke manje. Imikhiqizo yezimbangi ihlala ifinyelela izinga nezintengo eziphansi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. Ziningi nje zalezo ezihamba kancane. Bengisebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-Apple iminyaka engu-22, ngakho-ke ngiyazi ukuthi injani :-)))
I-Apple yashaya ngaleso sikhathi ngokushaja udoti obizayo. I-Mac OS 8/9 ayikwazanga ukubizwa nganoma yini enye. Uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho, i-NTs yayiyisimangaliso.
Manje ingase iphindwe kancane enguqulweni ye-post-PC. I-iPhone ne-iPad akukubi, kodwa akuzona ezingcono kakhulu. I-iOS ayikwazi ukwenza izinto eziyisisekelo (ukwabelana ngedatha phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kungikhathaze ngempela). Futhi intengo ingeyaphezulu. Ngokuqinisekile ngeke kujule njengoba u-Apple wayenjalo eminyakeni yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, kodwa angicabangi ukuthi eminyakeni emithathu i-Apple izobonwa njengenhle (futhi ibe nenzuzo enkulu) njengoba yayinjalo ngonyaka odlule.
Ngakho-ke usemncane kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nami, JURO, kodwa usengcono kunama-iOS geeks angadlali "ochwepheshe" kuphela emkhakheni we-Apple lapha ...
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba nomqondo ovalekile kungase kuhlukanise namakhasimende. Lapho ngifuna ukuvumelanisa ikhalenda lami phakathi kwamadivayisi we-Apple nedivaysi eyodwa okungeyona eye-Apple, ngagcina nginayo i-Google, ngoba i-iCloud imane idlale ku-sandbox yayo futhi yenqabe ukwabelana ngedatha namadivayisi angewona ama-Apple. Ekugcineni, kwadingeka ngishintshele enkonzweni yokuncintisana ngenxa yokuvalwa. Kuyafana neFotostream. Ngiyishintshe ngokulayisha kwekhamera ku-Dropbox njengoba isebenza kuwo wonke amadivayisi namasistimu futhi isebenzisa isakhiwo sefayela esijwayelekile esisebenza kahle. I-apula lifana nekheji legolide. Uma nje ungaphakathi, liyipharadesi. Kodwa maye uyakwehlela ngokushesha nje lapho uzama ukukhipha igxathu elilodwa ekhejini. Maye kuwe...
Ibhalwe kahle kakhulu. Umqondo ovaliwe we-Apple wanginqoba.
Isihloko esihle kakhulu, ngisifunde ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule lapho u-Gruber esithumela futhi wacabanga ukuthi kungaba kuhle ukusihumusha, ngakho ngiyabonga!
Kodwa kumazwana. Abanye abantu lapha cishe babengaqondi ukuthi isihloko sasimayelana nani, ngakho ngizosibhala kalula nje.
UGruber uthi impumelelo AYICHAZEKI ukuthi ibhizinisi livaliwe noma livuliwe. Ngokusho kwakhe, impumelelo ichazwa izinga lemikhiqizo. Ngakho i-Apple ayiphumelelanga ngoba ivaliwe. Ngisho ne-Google ayiphumelelanga ngoba (kanye) yayivuliwe. Zombili izinkampani ziphumelele ngoba zenza imikhiqizo engcono kakhulu embonini yazo.
Ngakho-ke umbhedo wokuvala/ukuvuleleka akusizi ngalutho. Ekugcineni, kuncike ekutheni umkhiqizo wakho 'uyinto engcono kakhulu emhlabeni' noma 'udoti usuphelele'.
Qaphela: kulabo abaphawule ngaphandle kokufunda lesi sihloko, ikakhulukazi ngizofunda indima lapho uGruber ebonisa ukuthi i-Apple ivuleke kakhulu kune-Google nokuthi inkampani ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ivuliwe noma ivaliwe. Ngoba kuhlale kumayelana nezingxenye ezithile zenkampani.
Kodwa futhi, akunandaba ukuthi inkampani ivaliwe noma ivuliwe. Uma ikhiqiza imfucuza, ngeke ithengwe noma yikuphi.
Ngizolokhu ngithenga abantu abangodoti... ngoba ishibhile.