Vala isikhangiso

Sekuyiminyaka eyisikhombisa impela uSteve Jobs ethula i-iPhone esiteji phambi kwezithameli, umakhalekhukhwini owashintsha yonke imboni waqala uguquko lwama-smartphone. Abaqhudelana nabo basabela ngendlela ehlukile ocingweni olusanda kwethulwa, kodwa kwaba ukusabela kwabo kanye nesivinini sokuphendula okunqume ikusasa labo leminyaka ezayo. USteve Ballmer wahleka i-iPhone futhi waveza isu lakhe ngeWindows Mobile. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, lonke uhlelo lwasikwa futhi ngeWindows Phone 8 yamanje, inesabelo samaphesenti ambalwa.

Ekuqaleni, iNokia yayiziba ngokuphelele i-iPhone futhi yazama ukuqhubeka nokuphusha i-Symbian yayo futhi kamuva inguqulo yayo ethinta ukuthintwa. Isitokwe sagcina sehlile, inkampani yajwayela iWindows Phone, futhi ekugcineni yathengisa lonke uhlaka lwayo lweselula kwaMicrosoft ngengxenyana yalokho eyayikubiza. UBlackberry ukwazile ukuphendula ngokwanele ekuqaleni konyaka odlule, futhi inkampani okwamanje isengcupheni yokuqothuka futhi ayazi ngempela ukuthi yenzeni ngokwayo. U-Palm wasabela ngokukhulu ukushesha futhi wakwazi ukuletha i-WebOS, esadunyiswa nanamuhla, futhi nayo ifoni yePalm Pré, nokho, ngenxa yabasebenzi baseMelika kanye nezinkinga nabaphakeli bezingxenye, inkampani yagcina ithengiswe ku-HP, eyangcwatshwa. yonke i-WebOS, futhi uhlelo manje lukhumbula amandla alo angaphambili kuphela ezikrinini ze-smart TV LG.

I-Google ikwazile ukusabela ngokushesha kakhulu ngohlelo lwayo lokusebenza lwe-Android, olufike ngendlela ye-T-Mobile G1/HTC Dream esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka nesigamu ngemva kokuthengiswa kwe-iPhone. Kodwa-ke, kwakuyinde indlela ye-Android, i-Google eyethula ngokusemthethweni ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ngenxa yencwadi I-Dogfight: Indlela i-Apple ne-Google eya ngayo eMpini futhi Yaqala Inguquko singakwazi futhi ukufunda okuthile ngemuva.

Ngo-2005, isimo esizungeze omakhalekhukhwini kanye nama-opharetha sasihluke kakhulu. I-oligopoly yezinkampani ezimbalwa ezilawula amanethiwekhi amaselula yanquma yonke imakethe, futhi amafoni adalwe ngokwemiyalo yabasebenzisi kuphela. Abazange balawule izici ze-hardware kuphela kodwa nesofthiwe futhi bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zabo kuphela ebhokisini labo lesihlabathi. Ukuzama ukuthuthukisa noma iyiphi isofthiwe kwaba ukumosha imali kakhulu noma ngaphansi ngoba kwakungekho standard phakathi kwamafoni. U-Symbian kuphela owayenezinguqulo ezimbalwa ezingahambelani.

Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Google yayifuna ukuphusha usesho lwayo kumakhalekhukhwini, futhi ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, kwakudingeka ixhumane nayo yonke into ngama-opharetha. Kodwa o-opharetha bancamela amathoni okukhala abazithengisa wona ekusesheni, futhi imiphumela evela ku-Google iboniswe ezindaweni zokugcina kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani ye-Mountain View ibhekane nolunye usongo, futhi leyo kwakuyi-Microsoft.

I-Windows CE yayo, ngaleso sikhathi eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Windows Mobile, yayisiduma kakhulu (yize ngokomlando isabelo sabo sasihlale singaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-10), futhi iMicrosoft nayo ngaleso sikhathi yaqala ukukhuthaza insizakalo yayo yokusesha, kamuva eyashintsha yaba i-Bing yanamuhla. I-Google ne-Microsoft base bevele beyizimbangi ngaleso sikhathi, futhi uma, ngokuthandwa okukhulayo kweMicrosoft, baphusha ukusesha kwabo ngezindleko ze-Google futhi abazange banikeze njengendlela yokukhetha, kungaba yingozi yangempela yokuthi inkampani izolahlekelwa kancane kancane. umthombo wemali kuphela ngaleso sikhathi, owawuvela ezikhangisweni emiphumeleni yosesho . Okungenani yilokho izikhulu ze-Google ezikucabange. Ngokufanayo, iMicrosoft yabulala ngokuphelele iNetscape nge-Internet Explorer.

I-Google yayazi ukuthi ukuze iphile esikhathini seselula, izodinga okungaphezu nje kokuhlanganisa ukusesha lwayo nohlelo lokusebenza ukuze ifinyelele izinsiza zayo. Kungakho ngo-2005 athenga ukuqalisa kwesoftware ye-Android eyasungulwa ngowayeyisisebenzi se-Apple u-Andy Rubin. Uhlelo lukaRubin bekuwukudala isistimu yokusebenza yeselula enomthombo ovulekile noma yimuphi umenzi wezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha angayisebenzisa mahhala kumadivayisi abo, ngokungafani ne-Windows CE enelayisensi. I-Google iwuthandile lo mbono futhi ngemva kokutholwa kwayo yaqoka u-Rubin njengenhloko yezokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yokusebenza, eligcina igama layo.

I-Android bekufanele ibe nenguquko ngezindlela eziningi, kwezinye izici iguquke kakhulu kune-iPhone eyethulwa yi-Apple kamuva. Yayinokuhlanganiswa kwezinsizakalo zewebhu ze-Google ezidumile ezihlanganisa amamephu kanye ne-YouTube, ingaba nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezivuliwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, ibe nesiphequluli se-inthanethi esigcwele futhi kwakufanele ifake isitolo esimaphakathi nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula.

Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lwehadiwe lwamafoni we-Android ngaleso sikhathi bekufanele luhluke ngokuphelele. Ama-smartphones aziwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi kwakungamadivayisi e-BlackBerry, elandela isibonelo sawo, i-prototype yokuqala ye-Android, ebizwa nge-codenamed Ngokushesha, yayinekhibhodi yehadiwe kanye nesibonisi esingathinteki.

NgoJanuwari 9, 2007, u-Andy Rubin wayesendleleni eya e-Las Vegas ngemoto ukuyohlangana nabakhiqizi behadiwe nabathwali. Kwakuphakathi nohambo lapho uSteve Jobs edalule khona ithikithi lakhe lokuya emakethe yomakhalekhukhwini, kamuva okwenza i-Apple yaba inkampani ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. URubin wahlabeka umxhwele ngokudlala kangangokuthi wamisa imoto ukuze abuke lonke ukusakaza. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho ethe kozakwabo emotweni: "Shit, cishe ngeke sethule lolu cingo [Maduze]."

Nakuba i-Android yayithuthuke ngandlela thize kune-iPhone yokuqala, u-Rubin wayazi ukuthi kuzodingeka acabange kabusha wonke umqondo. Nge-Android, igembule kulokho abasebenzisi abakuthandayo ngamafoni we-BlackBerry—inhlanganisela yekhibhodi yehadiwe enhle kakhulu, i-imeyili, nefoni eqinile. Kodwa i-Apple iyishintshe ngokuphelele imithetho yomdlalo. Esikhundleni sekhibhodi ye-hardware, unikeze eyodwa ebonakalayo, okuthi, nakuba ingekho cishe enembile futhi esheshayo, ayizange ihlale ingxenye yesibonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngenxa ye-interface yokuthinta konke enenkinobho eyodwa yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ngaphambili ngezansi kwesibonisi, uhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye lungaba nezilawuli zalo njengoba kudingeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ngokushesha kwaba kubi kusukela i-iPhone emangalisayo, okwakufanele inxeshezelwe yi-Android yenguquko.

Lokhu kwakuyinto uRubin nethimba lakhe ababeyibheka njengeyingozi ngaleso sikhathi. Ngenxa yezinguquko ezinkulu kulo mqondo, i-Sooner yakhanselwa futhi kwavela i-prototype codenamed Dream, eyayinesikrini sokuthinta. Ngakho-ke isingeniso sihlehlisiwe kwaze kwaba sekwindla ka-2008. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwayo, onjiniyela be-Google bagxile kukho konke i-iPhone engakwazi ukuyenza ukuhlukanisa iphupho ngokwanele. Phela, isibonelo, ukungabikho kwekhibhodi ye-hardware kwakusabhekwa njengephutha, yingakho ifoni yokuqala ye-Android eyake yaba khona, i-T-Mobile G1, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-HTC Dream, yayinesigaba sokuphuma kwama-slide esinokhiye bokuthayipha futhi isondo elincane lomqulu.

Ngemuva kokwethulwa kwe-iPhone, isikhathi simile ku-Google. Iphrojekthi eyimfihlo kakhulu nenesifiso sokuvelela kwa-Google, abaningi ababechithe kuyo amahora angama-60-80 ngesonto iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili, yayingasasebenzi ngalolo suku ekuseni. Izinyanga eziyisithupha zokusebenza ngama-prototypes, obekufanele ngabe kubangele umkhiqizo wokugcina owethulwe ekupheleni kuka-2007, zamoshakala, futhi yonke intuthuko yahlehliswa ngomunye unyaka. Umngane kaRubin uChris DeSalvo uphawule wathi, “Njengomthengi, ngashaywa umoya. Kodwa njengonjiniyela we-Google, ngicabange ukuthi kuzofanele siqale phansi."

Nakuba i-iPhone ngokungangabazeki iwukunqoba okukhulu kukaSteve Jobs, iphakamisa i-Apple ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izinkampani futhi namuhla isabala ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-50 ayo yonke imali engenayo ku-Infinity Loop 1, kwaba igalelo ezimbanjeni ku-Google—okungenani ukuhlukaniswa kwayo kwe-Android.

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