Daniel Hruska Idivayisi yokuqala equkethe i-chip yakwa-Apple kwakuyi-iPad ngo-2010. Ngaleso sikhathi, iphrosesa ye-A4 yayiqukethe umongo owodwa futhi ukusebenza kwayo akunakuqhathaniswa nesizukulwane sanamuhla nhlobo. Iminyaka emihlanu, kuphinde kwaba namahemuhemu mayelana nokuhlanganiswa kwalawa ma-chips kumakhompyutha e-Mac. Njengoba ama-chips eselula andisa ukusebenza kwawo ngokushesha ngonyaka, ukuthunyelwa kwawo kumadeskithophu kuyisihloko esithakazelisa kakhulu.
Iphrosesa yangonyaka odlule ye-64-bit A7 ibivele ibhalwe ngokuthi "i-desktop-class", okusho ukuthi ifana kakhulu namaphrosesa amakhulu kunamaselula. Iphrosesa yakamuva futhi enamandla kakhulu - i-A8X - ifakwe ku-iPad Air 2. Inama-cores amathathu, iqukethe ama-transistors ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu futhi ukusebenza kwayo kulingana ne-Intel Core i5-4250U evela ku-MacBook Air Mid-2013. Yebo, izilinganiso zokwenziwa azisho lutho mayelana nesivinini sangempela somshini, kodwa okungenani zingadukisa abaningi ukuthi amadivaysi eselula anamuhla amane aphucuziwe ngoyinki onesikrini sokuthinta.
I-Apple iwazi ngempela ama-chips ayo e-ARM, ngakho-ke kungani ungawahlomisi namakhompyutha akho ngawo? Ngokusho komhlaziyi uMing-Chi Kuo we-KGI Securities, sikwazi ukubona ama-Macs okuqala esebenza kuma-ARM processors ngo-2016. Iphrosesa yokuqala enekhono ingaba yi-16nm A9X, ilandelwe yi-10nm A10X ngonyaka kamuva. Umbuzo ophakamayo, kungani i-Apple kufanele ithathe isinqumo sokuthatha lesi sinyathelo lapho amaphrosesa avela ku-Intel eqhuma phezulu?
Kungani ama-ARM processors enza umqondo
Isizathu sokuqala kuzoba yi-Intel uqobo. Akukhona ukuthi kukhona okungalungile ngakho, kodwa i-Apple ibilokhu ilandela isiqubulo esithi: "Inkampani ethuthukisa isofthiwe kufanele futhi yenze i-hardware yayo inezinzuzo zayo - ungakwazi njalo ukwandisa kokubili isofthiwe ne-hardware ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu." Eminyakeni yamuva, i-Apple ibonise lokhu ngokuqondile.
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi i-Apple ithanda ukulawula. Ukuvala i-Intel kuzosho ukwenza lula kanye nokwenza lula yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuzonciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ama-chips. Nakuba ubudlelwano obukhona phakathi kwalezi zinkampani ezimbili bungaphezu kobuhle - ungathanda ukungathembeli komunye nomunye ube wazi ukuthi ungakhiqiza into efanayo ngenani eliphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungaphatha yonke intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ngokwakho, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthembela kumuntu wesithathu.
Mhlawumbe ngikwenze kwaba mfishane kakhulu, kodwa kuyiqiniso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bekungeke kube okokuqala ukuthi kwenzeke ushintsho lomkhiqizi weprosesa. Ngo-1994 kwaba inguquko isuka ku-Motorola 68000 iya ku-IBM PowerPC, kwase kuba yi-Intel x2006 ngo-86. Apple nakanjani akesabi ushintsho. U-2016 umaka iminyaka eyi-10 kusukela ekushintsheni ku-Intel. Iminyaka eyishumi ku-IT yisikhathi eside, noma yini ingashintsha.
Amakhompyutha anamuhla anamandla anele futhi angafaniswa nezimoto. Noma iyiphi imoto yesimanje izokuthatha isuke endaweni A ikuyise endaweni B ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ukugibela okuvamile, thenga leyo enenani elingcono kakhulu/isilinganiso sokusebenza futhi izokusebenzela kahle ngezindleko ezithengekayo. Uma ushayela njalo futhi uya phambili, thenga imoto eseqophelweni eliphezulu futhi mhlawumbe enomshini ozishintshayo. Nokho, izindleko zokunakekela zizoba phezulu kancane. Ngaphandle komgwaqo, ungathenga okuthile nge-4 × 4 drive noma imoto eqondile engekho emgwaqeni, kodwa izosetshenziswa njalo futhi izindleko zokusebenza kwayo zizoba phezulu.
Iphuzu liwukuthi imoto encane noma imoto yezinga eliphansi eliphakathi yanele ngokugcwele kwabaningi. Ngokufanayo, kubasebenzisi abaningi, i-laptop "evamile" yanele ukubuka amavidiyo ku-YouTube, ukwabelana ngezithombe ku-Facebook, hlola i-imeyili, ukudlala umculo, ukubhala idokhumenti ku-Word, ukuphrinta i-PDF. I-MacBook Air ye-Apple kanye ne-Mac mini yakhelwe lolu hlobo lokusetshenziswa, nakuba ingasetshenziselwa imisebenzi eyengeziwe edinga ukusebenza.
Abasebenzisi abafuna kakhulu bancamela ukufinyelela iMacBook Pro noma i-iMac, okuthi ngemuva kwakho konke kube nokusebenza okwengeziwe. Abasebenzisi abanjalo sebengakwazi ukuhlela amavidiyo noma basebenze ngezithombe. Okufunwa kakhulu kokufinyeleleka okufunayo kokusebenza okungaguquki ngentengo efanelekile, okungukuthi i-Mac Pro. Kuzoba nokuhleleka kobukhulu obumbalwa kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo ezishiwo, njengoba nezimoto ezingekho emgwaqeni zishayelwa kancane kakhulu kuneFabia, Octavia nezinye izimoto ezidumile.
Ngakho-ke, uma esikhathini esizayo esiseduze i-Apple izokwazi ukukhiqiza iphrosesa ye-ARM ukuze ikwazi ukwanelisa izidingo zabasebenzisi bayo (ekuqaleni, mhlawumbe abangafuneki kangako), kungani ungayisebenzisi ukusebenzisa i-OS X? Ikhompuyutha enjalo ingaba nempilo yebhethri ende futhi ngokusobala ingapholiswa kancane, njengoba idla amandla amancane futhi "ayishisi" kakhulu.
Kungani ama-ARM processors engenzi mqondo
Ama-Mac anama-chips e-ARM angase angabi namandla ngokwanele ukusebenzisa isendlalelo esifana ne-Rosetta ukuze asebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-x86. Uma kunjalo, i-Apple kuzodingeka iqale phansi, futhi abathuthukisi kuzodingeka babhale kabusha izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ngomzamo omkhulu. Umuntu ngeke akwazi ukuphikisa ukuthi abathuthukisi bezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidumile nezingcweti bangavuma yini ukuthatha lesi sinyathelo. Kodwa kwazi bani, mhlawumbe i-Apple ithole indlela yokwenza izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-x86 zisebenze kahle ku-"ARM OS X".
I-symbiosis ne-Intel isebenza ngokuphelele, asikho isizathu sokusungula noma yini entsha. Amaphrosesa avela kulesi sikhulu se-silicon angawaphezulu, futhi ngesizukulwane ngasinye ukusebenza kwawo kuyanda ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. I-Apple isebenzisa i-Core i5 kumamodeli e-Mac aphansi kakhulu, i-Core i7 yamamodeli abiza kakhulu noma ukulungiselelwa ngokwezifiso, futhi i-Mac Pro ifakwe ama-Xeons anamandla kakhulu. Ngakho-ke uzohlala uthola amandla anele, isimo esihle. I-Apple ingazithola isesimeni lapho kungekho muntu ofuna amakhompyutha ayo uma ihlukana ne-Intel.
Pho kuzoba njani?
Yiqiniso, akekho ngaphandle okwaziyo lokho. Uma bengingabheka sonke isimo ngombono we-Apple, bengingathanda ngempela kanye ama-chips afanayo ahlanganiswe kuwo wonke amadivayisi ami. Futhi uma ngikwazi ukudizayinela amadivaysi eselula, ngingathanda ukuzijwayeza okufanayo kumakhompyutha. Kodwa-ke, benza kahle kakhulu okwamanje ngisho nama-processor amanje, enginikezwe ngokuzinzile nguzakwethu oqinile, yize ukukhishwa kwe-MacBook Air entsha eyi-12-inch kungenzeka kubambezeleke ngokunembile ngenxa yokubambezeleka kwe-Intel ngesingeniso. yesizukulwane esisha samaphrosesa.
Ngingakwazi ukuletha amaphrosesa anamandla anele okungenani azoba sezingeni lalawo aku-Macbook Air? Uma kunjalo, ingabe kamuva ngizokwazi ukusebenzisa (noma ngikwazi ukuthuthukisa) i-ARM nakumakhompyutha angochwepheshe? Angifuni ukuba nezinhlobo ezimbili zamakhompyutha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngidinga ukuba nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-x86 ku-ARM Mac, ngoba abasebenzisi bazofuna ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zabo abazithandayo. Uma nginayo futhi ngiqinisekile ukuthi izosebenza, ngizokhipha i-Mac esekwe ku-ARM. Uma kungenjalo, ngizonamathela ku-Intel okwamanje.
Futhi mhlawumbe kuyoba ehluke ngokuphelele ekugcineni. Mina-ke, anginandaba ngempela nohlobo lwephrosesa ku-Mac yami inqobo nje uma inamandla ngokwanele ngomsebenzi wami. Ngakho-ke uma i-Mac eqanjiwe iqukethe iphrosesa ye-ARM esebenza okulingana ne-Core i5, bengingeke ngibe nenkinga eyodwa yokungayithengi. Kuthiwani ngawe, ucabanga ukuthi i-Apple ingakwazi ukwethula i-Mac neprosesa yayo eminyakeni embalwa ezayo?
I-ARM isho ukuphonsa u-99.9% wesofthiwe esebenzisekayo emgqonyeni nokusebenzisa ikhompuyutha kuphela ukufunda i-imeyili, i-Facebook nezinyoni ezithukuthele (yebo, ngenza ihaba ngokuzithandela), futhi ngethemba ukuthi akekho umuntu ongeyena ophelele ozokuvumela lokho. Ukushintshela ku-Intel kwenza izinto zaba lula kakhulu. Phela, abantu abambalwa emkhakheni wesayensi baya eMacy. Lowo umbono wami.
Ukuthuthela ku-ARM kusho ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokuhambisana kanye nokuminyanisa okukhulu nakakhulu ku-ecosystem egadwe ngokuqinile yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethwe kusengaphambili. Engeza kulokho izinhlelo zokususa ichweba le-USB ku-Macbook Air neminye imibono, futhi umphumela uzoba ikhompiyutha ezokwazi ukuhambisana nayo kuphela, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nangaleso sikhathi. Kimina kungasho ukuphela kwe-MAC ngendlela engikuthanda ngayo:-( Kodwa kwazi bani, uguquko yimpilo...
Kungani kune-iMac ne-mini ebuthaka kakhulu ku-Intel lapho ukusebenza kwabo kubuthaka njengesizukulwane sokugcina?
Kimi, ukuhlola okungenani lawa mamodeli futhi ngihambe ngendlela efanayo ne-Retina, ukukhukhuleka kancane kancane komugqa womkhiqizo.
Ucabanga ukuthi uyakhohlwa ngesizukulwane esizayo se-Intel Core M processors…
umlando uyaphinda?
Ngikholwa ukuthi izofika maduze. Ngeke ngimangale uma bekuwumoya olindelwe. Kuyidivayisi yabantu abaningi abangawenzi umsebenzi omningi, kodwa kunalokho ukuzijabulisa kanye nekhofi. Ngingaphinde ngicabange nge-emulator ye-x86, futhi njengoba i-apula ingaphakathi, onjiniyela abaningi bajaha ukuba ngabokuqala ukwenza kabusha isoftware yabo yehadiwe entsha. I-Flusbrok izoya lapho ngakho kungani kungenjalo? :-)
Ngicabanga ukuthi ukuphela komphumela kungaba ukungahambisani nesofthiwe endala.
Inzuzo, isibonelo, ukwehla kwentengo okungenzeka. Nakuma-Mac ashibhe kakhulu, iphrosesa ye-Intel ene-chipset ibiza kusuka ku-USD 250. I-Apple ingenza i-A8, A9, ... amaphrosesa angaphansi kuka-50 USD.
Enye inzuzo kungaba ukusebenzisa i-Metal graphics API kuma-Mac. Ukusebenza kwe-quad-core A8 enezithombe zamanje kungaba ndawana thize ezingeni lama-consoles wegeyimu wakamuva.
Izinguqulo eziyisisekelo zama-macs zingaba nama-ARM processors, futhi ama-mac anamandla kakhulu asengahlala kuma-Intel processors. I-Apple inesitolo sayo sohlelo lokusebenza nendawo yayo yonjiniyela enomhumushi wayo. Izinhlelo okwamanje ezisebenzisa kuphela i-API ejwayelekile enikezwe i-Apple kungaba lula ukuzihumushela kumaphrosesa e-ARM.
Kamuva, izinguqulo ezinamandla kakhulu zama-Macs zingaba nama-ARM nama-Intel processors. Izinhlelo ze-OS X kanye ne-iLife kanye ne-iWorks zizosebenza kuma-ARM processors futhi i-Photoshop, Premiere, Final Cut nezinye izinhlelo zisasebenza kuma-Intel processors.
Ngeshwa, ukonakala kuzoba ukungahambisani nesofthiwe entsha.
Kungani kufanele kube nokungahambisani nesofthiwe entsha? Ngibhala uhlelo lwe-OS X, ngiluhlanganisele i-Intel ne-ARM bese ngiluthumela ku-App Store. Uma ngisebenzisa kuphela lokho okunikezwa yi-API kusuka ku-Apple, ngeke kube khona inkinga ngalokho. Uma ngisebenzisa okuthile okukhethekile kuphrosesa ye-Intel, vele ngeke kusebenze. Ngaphandle kwesofthiwe yobuchwepheshe edinga ukusebenza okuphezulu, asikho isizathu salokhu.
Umsebenzisi uvula i-App Store, alande inguqulo yohlelo lwephrosesa yakhe futhi ayisebenzise.
Ngake ngafunda isihloko sokuthi lapho bezama i-OS X ku-Intel processor, bathenga i-Sony Vaio ebiza kakhulu abangayithola esitolo, futhi yasebenza ezinsukwini ezimbili. Emasontweni amabili, ngisho nezinhlelo eziyisisekelo ezivela ku-Apple zafika.
Umbuzo omkhulu ukuthi i-Apple izokwazi kangakanani ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo ze-x86 ku-ARM. Ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni kwenkampani, okungenani ukusetshenziswa okuthile okuvela kuWindows kubalulekile. Ngakho-ke uma i-x86 Windows virtualization ingasebenza ku-ARM ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kokusebenza okubonakalayo, ngokusobala abasebenzisi ngeke babe nandaba ngempela ukuthi iyiphi iphrosesa ekhona ngokomzimba ngenxa yalokho. Kodwa nginovalo lokuthi bekungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulingisa kanye nokwehla kokusebenza okubalulekile okuhlobene. Kodwa kwazi bani. Isibonelo, uCupertino ukwazile ukuthola indlela ekahle yokulingisa ukwakheka kweprosesa ngendlela yokulondoloza ukusebenza okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle kwamandla kwesixazululo esinjalo.
I-Apple akudingeki iyivikele. Usevele une-app store yakhe. Kwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abathuthukisi banesikhathi sokujwayela izinhlelo zabo ku-ARM, okungafanele kube yinkinga. Futhi ngesinye isikhathi ngizobe ngithengisa ama-Mac ane-Intel processors.
Kufanele kube nomongo omusha we-ARM ngonyaka ozayo futhi ukusebenza kufanele kube phezulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-3.5 kunamanje, ukuze ukulingisa kunqotshwe.
Ngingacabanga ukuthi ngonyaka ozayo e-WWDC, i-Apple izokwethula i-OS X kuma-ARM processors, inikeze abathuthukisi i-mac mini ne-ARM processor ukuhlola izinhlelo zabo, futhi esikhathini esithile isigamu sonyaka ngaphambi kukaKhisimusi, bazoqala ukuthengisa izinguqulo eziyisisekelo ze-mac mini. , i-macbook air ne-iMac enama-ARM processors. Futhi ngemva konyaka, i-Intel izoshiya amaphrosesa kuphela ku-15″ macbook pro, 27″ iMac neMac Pro. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi eminyakeni engu-2-3 i-Intel izoshiya iphrosesa kuphela ku-Mac Pro.
Kungani kungahambisani? Windows 10 manje izosebenza futhi ku-ARM. I-Trď inguqulo entsha ye-RasPi 2 ene-ARM SoC evela ku-BroadCom, futhi iWindows kufanele isebenze lapho. Ngakho-ke angisiboni isizathu sokuthi kungani kungabi yi-ARM ku-Mac. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IBM PowerPC nazo zabhalwa kabusha futhi zahlanganiswa zaba yimiyalelo ye-x86 lapho i-Apple iqala nge-Intel. Ku-Apple, ukwakheka kwe-ARM kungaba wusizo kakhulu ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwe-miniaturization kanye nemishini elula, ecashile kakhudlwana, futhi ngobuchwepheshe be-bigLITTLE, ngisho nama-cores amaningi, ibhethri lizohlala isikhathi eside. Izosebenzisa ama-chips ayo afanayo kuwo wonke ama-iPhones, ama-iPads, ama-Mac, ama-Apple TV, nakho konke okunye okunikezwayo manje.
Ikakhulukazi ukuze bakwazi ukukhulisa kahle kakhulu lapho besebenza ku-HW ehlukile.