Vala isikhangiso

I-iPad ingomunye wemikhiqizo ye-Apple ephumelele kakhulu. Ngo-2010, yabamba bonke abakhiqizi be-electronics abathengi ngokumangala futhi ngokushesha yathola isikhundla sokubusa emakethe, kuze kube yilolu suku namanje ayikanqotshwa. Kungani?

Sesizwile izindaba eziningi mayelana nababulali be-iPad. Nokho, base beyizinganekwane. Lapho i-iPad ingena emakethe, yakha ingxenye yayo. Amathebulethi abekhona kuze kube manje abengawona ama-ergonomic futhi aqukethe kakhulu Windows 7, aguqulelwe ukude kuphela ukuze alawule iminwe. Ngenkathi abakhiqizi abaningi bebefuna ukuyekethisa kokuphatheka kuma-netbooks, i-Apple yaletha ithebhulethi.

Kepha angithandi ukuxoxa lapha ukuthi i-Apple ibambe kanjani wonke umuntu ngokumangala, akuyona leyo ngxoxo emayelana nayo. Kodwa-ke, i-Apple yaqala isuka endaweni enhle kakhulu, ngaphezu kwe-90% yemakethe yethebhulethi ngo-2010 kwakungeyabo. Wafika unyaka ka-2011, okwakufanele kube yisiqalo sokuncintisana, kodwa uguquko aluzange lube khona. Abakhiqizi kwadingeka balinde isistimu yokusebenza eyamukelekayo, futhi leyo yaba yi-Android 3.0 Honeycomb. AbakwaSamsung kuphela abazame ngenguqulo yakudala ye-Android ehloselwe amafoni futhi ngaleyo ndlela bakha i-Samsung Galaxy Tab engamayintshi ayisikhombisa. Nokho, akuzange kumlethele impumelelo enkulu.

Manje sekungu-2012 futhi i-Apple isalawula cishe i-58% yemakethe nokubala ikota yokugcina kudayiswe amayunithi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-11. Amathebulethi anciphise ukwabelana kwawo ikakhulukazi i-Kindle Fire ne-HP TouchPad. Kodwa-ke, ukudayiswa kwazo kwakuthonywe kakhulu inani, zombili lezi zisetshenziswa ekugcineni zathengiswa ngentengo esondelene nenani lefekthri, okungukuthi ngaphansi kwama-dollar angu-200. Angiyazi iresiphi eqinisekisiwe yethebhulethi ephumelelayo, kodwa ngisabona izinto ezimbalwa i-Apple edlula kuzo ngomusa ngenkathi umncintiswano uphuthaza indlela yokuphuma. Ake sidlule kuzo igxathu negxathu.

Bonisa ukubukeka kwesilinganiselo

4:3 vs. 16:9/16:10, yilokho okwenzeka lapha. Lapho i-iPad yokuqala iphuma, ngazibuza ukuthi kungani ingatholanga isici esifanayo ne-iPhone, noma kunalokho angizange ngiqonde ukuthi kungani kwakungesona isikrini esibanzi. Uma ubuka amavidiyo, kuzosala ngaphansi kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zesithombe, okunye kuzoba amabha amnyama nje. Yebo, kuvidiyo isikrini esibanzi sinengqondo, ngevidiyo futhi… yini enye? Ah, nalu uhlu luphela kancane. Lokhu ngeshwa yilokho abanye abakhiqizi kanye ne-Google abangakuqapheli.

I-Google ikhetha ukuboniswa kwesikrini esibanzi kunesilinganiso sakudala esingu-4:3, futhi abakhiqizi balandela okufanayo. Futhi nakuba lesi silinganiso singcono kumavidiyo, siwukubi kakhulu kukho konke okunye. Okokuqala, ake sikuthathe ngombono we-ergonomics. Umsebenzisi angakwazi ukubamba i-iPad ngesandla esisodwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga, amanye amaphilisi esikrini esibanzi azokwephula okungenani isandla sakho. Ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo kuhluke ngokuphelele futhi akufanelekile ngokuphelele ukubamba ithebhulethi. Ifomethi engu-4:3 ingokwemvelo kakhulu esandleni, ivusa umuzwa wokubamba umagazini noma incwadi.

Ake sikubheke ngombono wesoftware. Uma usebenzisa i-portrait, ngokuzumayo uba ne-noodle okunzima ukuyisebenzisa, engafanele ngempela ukufundwa noma ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza kulo mumo. Nakuba abathuthukisi bengakwazi ukuthuthukisa kalula isofthiwe yabo ye-iPad kuzo zombili izimo, njengoba isikhala esiqondile nesivundlile asishintshi kakhulu, kuyiphupho elibi lokuboniswa kwesikrini esibanzi. Kuhle ukubona ngokushesha esikrinini esikhulu se-Android esinamawijethi. Uma uphendulela isikrini phansi, zizoqala ukugqagqana. Ngincamela ukungakhulumi nokuthayipha kukhibhodi kulo mumo.

Kodwa ukucambalala - lokho akulona uju futhi. Ibha ewugqinsi ithatha ibha engezansi, engakwazi ukufihlwa, futhi uma ivela esikrinini sekhibhodi, asikho isikhala esiningi esisele esibukweni. Ukuboniswa kwesikrini esibanzi kuma-laptops kubalulekile uma usebenza namafasitela amaningi, kumathebulethi, lapho uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa lugcwalisa isikrini sonke, ukubaluleka kwesilinganiso esingu-16:10 kulahleka.

Okuningi mayelana nezibonisi zedivayisi ye-iOS lapha

I-Aplikace

Mhlawumbe alukho olunye uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula olunesisekelo esinjalo sonjiniyela bezinkampani zangaphandle njenge-iOS. Alukho nhlobo uhlelo lokusebenza ongeke uluthole ku-App Store, kanye neminye imizamo embalwa eqhudelanayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zisezingeni eliphezulu, kokubili ngokuhambisana nomsebenzisi, ukusebenza kanye nokucubungula imidwebo.

Ngokushesha ngemva kokwethulwa kwe-iPad, izinguqulo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zesibonisi esikhulu sethebhulethi zaqala ukuvela, futhi i-Apple ngokwayo yanikela nge-iWork office suite yayo kanye nesifundi sencwadi se-iBooks. Unyaka ngemva kokwethulwa kwe-iPad yokuqala, kwase kunamashumi ezinkulungwane zezinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi iningi lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidumile ze-iPhone zithole izinguqulo zazo zethebhulethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Apple yajikijela iGarageband enhle kakhulu ne-iMovie embizeni.

Ngonyaka ngemva kokwethulwa kwayo, i-Android inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba ngu-200 (!) emakethe yayo. Nakuba izihloko ezithakazelisayo zingatholakala phakathi kwazo, ubuningi nekhwalithi yezinhlelo zokusebenza azikwazi ukuqhathaniswa neSitolo Sohlelo Lokusebenza esiqhudelanayo. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidizayinelwe amafoni zinganwetshwa ukuze zigcwalise isikhala sokubonisa, kodwa izilawuli zazo zenzelwe amafoni futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuthebhulethi akulula ukusho okuncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngeke uze uthole e-Android Market ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihloselwe ithebhulethi.

Ngasikhathi sinye, yizinhlelo zokusebenza ezenza lawa madivayisi abe amathuluzi okusebenza futhi ajabule. I-Google ngokwayo - inkundla yayo - ayizange inikele kakhulu. Isibonelo, alikho iklayenti elisemthethweni le-Google+ lamathebulethi. Ngeke futhi uthole uhlelo lokusebenza olulungiselelwe ezinye izinsiza ze-Google. Kunalokho, i-Google idala izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-HTML5 ezihambisana namanye amathebulethi, kodwa ukuziphatha kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kukude nokunethezeka kwawomdabu.

Izinkundla eziqhudelanayo azingcono. I-Playbook ye-RIM ayizange ibe neklayenti le-imeyili ngesikhathi yethulwa. Umkhiqizi wefoni ye-Blackberry ngokunganaki wacabanga ukuthi abasebenzisi bayo bangathanda ukusebenzisa ifoni yabo futhi, uma kunesidingo, baxhume amadivaysi. Iphinde yehluleka ukuheha onjiniyela abenele futhi ithebhulethi yaba yi-flop uma iqhathaniswa nomncintiswano. Okwamanje, i-RIM ibeka amathemba ayo enguqulweni entsha yesistimu yokusebenza (kanye nomqondisi omusha) ozoletha okungenani iklayenti le-imeyili elihahelwayo. Ukuvala ukushoda kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zesistimu yayo, inkampani okungenani idale i-emulator engasebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android.

Amanani

Nakuba i-Apple ibilokhu yaziwa ngezintengo zayo eziphakeme kakhulu, ibeke intengo ye-iPad ephansi kakhulu, lapho ungathola khona imodeli ephansi ye-16GB ngaphandle kwe-3G nge-$499. Ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza, i-Apple ingathola izingxenye ngazinye ngentengo ephansi kunomncintiswano, ngaphezu kwalokho, ivamise ukuzigcinela izingxenye zamasu kuphela, njengoba yenza, ngokwesibonelo, esimweni sokuboniswa kwe-iPad. Ngakho-ke umncintiswano ukhiqiza amadivaysi ngentengo ephezulu futhi kufanele ixazulule izingxenye ezingaphansi, ngoba ezingcono azitholakali nje ngevolumu edingekayo.

Omunye wabaqhudelana nabokuqala bekufanele abe ithebhulethi I-Motorola Xoom, intengo yawo yokuqala isethwe ku-$800. Naphezu kwazo zonke izingxabano okwakufanele zithethelele intengo, ayizange iwahlabe umxhwele amakhasimende kakhulu. Phela, kungani kufanele bathenge "isivivinyo" sama- $ 800 lapho bengaba nomkhiqizo ofakazelwe onamathani ezicelo ngama- $ 300 ashibhile. Ngisho namanye amaphilisi alandelayo awakwazanga ukuncintisana ne-iPad ngenxa yentengo yawo.

Okuwukuphela kwakhe owaba nesibindi sokwehlisa intengo kakhulu kwaba yi-Amazon, entsha yayo Umlilo Womusa lilinganiselwa ku-$199. Kodwa i-Amazon inesu elihlukile. Ithengisa ithebhulethi engezansi kwezindleko zokukhiqiza futhi ihlose ukunciphisa imali engenayo evela ekuthengisweni kokuqukethwe, okuyibhizinisi eliwumgogodla we-Amazon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Kindle Fire ayiyona ithebhulethi egcwele, uhlelo lokusebenza luyi-Android 2.3 eguquliwe eyenzelwe amafoni omakhalekhukhwini, ngaphezu kwalokho i-graphics superstructure isebenza. Nakuba idivayisi ingagxilwa futhi ilayishwe nge-Android 3.0 nangaphezulu, ukusebenza komfundi wehadiwe ngokuqinisekile akuqinisekisi ukusebenza kahle.

Ukweqisa okuphambene nakho I-HP TouchPad. I-WebOS ethembisayo ezandleni ze-HP kwakuyi-fiasco futhi inkampani yanquma ukuyiqeda. I-TouchPad ayizange ithengise kahle, ngakho-ke i-HP yahlukana nayo, yanikeza amadivayisi asele ngama- $ 100 kanye nama- $ 150. Kungazelelwe, iTouchPad yaba ithebhulethi yesibili ethengiswa kakhulu emakethe. Kodwa ngesistimu yokusebenza eyangcwatshwa yi-HP, okuyisimo esiyindida.

I-Ecosystem

Impumelelo ye-iPad akuyona nje idivayisi ngokwayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakalayo, kodwa futhi i-ecosystem ezungezile. I-Apple isineminyaka eminingi yakha lesi simiso semvelo, iqala ngeSitolo se-iTunes futhi igcina ngesevisi ye-iCloud. Unesofthiwe enhle yokuvumelanisa okuqukethwe kalula (yize i-iTunes ibuhlungu ku-Windows), isevisi yamahhala yokuvumelanisa neyokulondoloza (iCloud), umculo wamafu ngemali encane, okuqukethwe kwe-multimedia nesitolo sezinhlelo zokusebenza, isitolo sezincwadi, kanye nenkundla yokushicilela. omagazini bedijithali.

Kodwa i-Google inokuningi ongakunikeza. Inobubanzi obugcwele be-Google Apps, isitolo somculo, umculo wamafu nokunye. Ngeshwa, imilenze eminingi yale mizamo iwukuhlola ngokwemvelo futhi ayinakho ukulula nokucaca komsebenzisi. IBlackberry inenethiwekhi yayo ye-BIS ne-BES, ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi, i-imeyili nemiyalezo ebethelwe nge-BlackBerry Messanger, kodwa yilapho i-ecosystem iphela khona.

I-Amazon, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izihambela ngendlela yayo, sibonga iphothifoliyo enkulu yokuqukethwe kwedijithali, ngaphandle kobudlelwano ne-ecosystem ye-Google, okuhlanganisa ne-Android. Kuzothakazelisa ukubona ukuthi iMicrosoft iwahlanganisa kanjani amakhadi ne-Windows 8 yayo. I-Windows entsha yamathebhulethi kufanele isebenze ezingeni lesistimu yokusebenza yedeskithophu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo isebenziseka kalula, efana neWindows. Ifoni engu-7.5 ene-graphical interface ye-Metro.
Kunamaphuzu amaningi wokubuka ongabheka kuwo impumelelo ye-iPad uma kuqhathaniswa namanye. Isibonelo sokugcina yi-corporate sphere kanye ne-sphere yezinsizakalo zomphakathi, lapho i-iPad ingenakho ukuncintisana. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isetshenziswa ezibhedlela (phesheya), zezindiza noma ezikoleni, lapho entsha yethula izincwadi zokufunda ezidijithali.

Ukuze uhlehlise isimo esikhona manje lapho i-Apple ibusa imakethe yamathebulethi nge-iPad yayo, abakhiqizi kanye ne-Google, engumsunguli wohlelo olusebenzayo lwamathebhulethi, kuzodingeka bacabange kabusha ifilosofi yabo yale makethe. I-Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich entsha ngeke isize isimo samaphilisi aqhudelanayo nganoma iyiphi indlela, nakuba izohlanganisa uhlelo lwamafoni namathebulethi.

Yiqiniso, akuzona kuphela izinto ezibalwe ngenhla ezihlukanisa abanye abakhiqizi ekulahleni i-Apple esikhundleni senombolo eyodwa phakathi kwamaphilisi. Ziningi ezinye izici, mhlawumbe ezengeziwe kuzo ngesinye isikhathi.

Ikhuthazwe yizihloko Jason Hinter a UDaniel Vávra
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