U-Vratislav Holub Muva nje, kube nezinkulumo eziningi mayelana nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukushoda kwama-chips emhlabeni jikelele, okungukuthi ama-semiconductors. Lesi yisihloko okuxoxwa ngaso kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, asithinti nje umhlaba wezobuchwepheshe, kodwa siqhubekela phambili. Ama-computer chips atholakala cishe kuwo wonke ama-electronics, lapho adlala khona indima ebalulekile. Akudingekile ukuthi kube amakhompyutha akudala, amalaptop noma amafoni. Ama-semiconductors angabuye atholakale, isibonelo, kuma-electronics amhlophe, izimoto kanye neminye imikhiqizo. Kodwa kungani empeleni kukhona ukushoda kwama-chips futhi isimo sizobuyela nini kwesijwayelekile?
Kungaba njalo okuthakaselayo
Ukushoda kwe-chip kubathinta kanjani abathengi
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukushoda kwama-chips, noma lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-semiconductors, kudlala indima enkulu, ngoba lezi zingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zitholakala cishe kuyo yonke imikhiqizo esithembele kuyo nsuku zonke. Yingakho futhi (ngeshwa) kunengqondo ukuthi sonke isimo sizothinta abathengi bokugcina. Kule ndlela, inkinga ihlukaniswe ngamagatsha amaningana kuye ngokuthi yimuphi umkhiqizo onentshisekelo. Nakuba eminye imikhiqizo, njengezimoto noma ama-consoles egeyimu ye-Playstation 5, ingase "kuphela" ibe nezikhathi ezinde zokulethwa, ezinye izinto, ezifana nogesi wabathengi, zingase zikhuphuke intengo.
Khumbula ukwethulwa kwe-chip yokuqala ye-Apple Silicon enegama elithi M1. Namuhla, lolu cezu seluvele lunika amandla ama-4 Mac kanye ne-iPad Pro:
Igalari yezithombe
Yini ebangela ukuntula
Isimo esikhona njengamanje sivame ukubangelwa ubhubhane lwe-covid-19 lomhlaba wonke, oluguqule umhlaba ngendlela yokuthi ungaqasheki ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nguqulo ayikude neqiniso - ubhubhane empeleni luyimbangela yenkinga ekhona. Nokho, kufanele kuqashelwe into eyodwa ebalulekile. Inkinga ngokwengxenye yokuntuleka kwama-chips isinesikhathi eside ikhona, ibingabonakali ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, i-boom kumanethiwekhi we-5G kanye nempi yokuhweba phakathi kwe-United States ne-China, eyaholela ekuvinjweni kokuhweba ne-Huawei, nayo idlala indima kulokhu. Ngenxa yalokhu, uHuawei akakwazanga ukuthenga ama-chips adingekayo kuma-giants obuchwepheshe baseMelika, yingakho akhungathekiswa ngama-oda avela kwezinye izinkampani ezingaphandle kwe-USA.
Nakuba ama-chips ngamanye angase angabizi kakhulu, ngaphandle uma sibala anamandla kakhulu, kusenemali enkulu kulo mkhakha. Okubiza kakhulu, yiqiniso, ukwakhiwa kwamafektri, okungadingi nje imali enkulu, kodwa futhi kudinga amaqembu amakhulu ochwepheshe abanolwazi olunzulu ngento efanayo. Kunoma yikuphi, ukukhiqizwa kwama-chips kwakugijima ngesivinini esigcwele ngisho nangaphambi kwalolu bhubhane - phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngokwesibonelo, ingosi. Ubunjiniyela be-Semiconductor vele ngoFebhuwari 2020, okungukuthi inyanga ngaphambi kokugqashuka kwalolu bhubhane, waveza inkinga engaba khona ngendlela yokushoda kwama-chips emhlabeni jikelele.
Kungaba njalo okuthakaselayo
Ukundiza emhlabeni wonke nge-Apple Akuzange kuthathe isikhathi eside futhi izinguquko esizenze nge-covid-19 zavela ngokushesha. Ukuze kunqandwe ukubhebhetheka kwaleli gciwane, abafundi bathuthele kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukufunda amabanga, kuyilapho izinkampani zethula amahhovisi asekhaya. Yiqiniso, izinguquko ezinjalo ezisheshayo zidinga imishini efanelekayo, edingeka ngokushesha. Kule ndlela, sikhuluma ngamakhompiyutha, ama-laptops, amaphilisi, amakhamera wewebhu nokunye okunjalo. Ngakho-ke, isidingo sezimpahla ezifanayo sanda kakhulu, okubangele izinkinga zamanje. Ukufika kwalolu bhubhane kwaba utshani lokugcina olwaqala ukushoda kwama-chips emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izimboni kwakudingeka zisebenze ngokulinganiselwe kuphela. Okwenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi iziphepho zasebusika zacekela phansi amafekthri ama-chip amaningana esifundazweni sase-Texas sase-US, kuyilapho ukukhiqizwa kokumisa inhlekelele kwenzeka nasefekthri yaseJapane, lapho umlilo waba nendima enkulu yoshintsho.
Ukubuyela kokujwayelekile akubonakali
Yiqiniso, izinkampani ze-chip zizama ukusabela ngokushesha ezinkingeni zamanje. Kodwa kukhona "okuncane" okubanjwayo. Ukwakha izimboni ezintsha akulula kangako, futhi kuwumsebenzi obiza kakhulu odinga izigidigidi zamarandi nesikhathi. Yingakho-ke kungenangqondo ukulinganisa ngqo ukuthi isimo singabuyela nini kwesijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi sizoqhubeka nokubhekana nokushoda kwe-chip emhlabeni wonke kulo Khisimusi, nentuthuko engakalindelwa kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2022.
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