Adam Kos Akuwona wonke ama-smartphones asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo bokuvula ubuso. Ezinye ziphephile, ezinye ziphephile. Abanye baskena nge-3D, abanye nge-2D. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nangokubaluleka okukhulayo kokuvikeleka, kufanele wazi ukuthi akuwona wonke ukuqaliswa kokubonwa kobuso okwenziwa ngokulingana.
Ukubonwa kobuso kusetshenziswa ikhamera
Njengoba igama liphakamisa, le nqubo incike kumakhamera edivayisi yakho abheke phambili ukuze akhombe ubuso bakho. Cishe wonke ama-smartphones e-Android asifakile lesi sici kusukela kwakhululwa i-Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich ngo-2011, okwakusekude ukuthi i-Apple iqhamuke ne-Face ID yayo. Indlela esebenza ngayo ilula. Uma wenza isici sisebenze okokuqala ngqa, idivayisi yakho ikutshela ukuthi uthathe izithombe zobuso bakho, kwesinye isikhathi usuke ezinhlangothini ezahlukene. Ibese isebenzisa i-algorithm yesofthiwe ukukhipha izici zobuso bakho futhi izigcine ukuze zisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, ngaso sonke isikhathi uma uzama ukuvula idivayisi, isithombe esibukhoma esivela kukhamera yangaphambili siqhathaniswa nedatha eyireferensi.
Ukunemba kuncike kakhulu kuma-algorithms esoftware asetshenziswayo, ngakho-ke uhlelo lukude kakhulu nokuphelela. Kuba nzima nakakhulu uma idivayisi kufanele icabangele okuguquguqukayo njengezimo ezihlukene zokukhanyisa, izinguquko ekubukekeni komsebenzisi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezisekeli ezifana nezibuko nobucwebe ikakhulukazi. Nakuba i-Android ngokwayo inikeza i-API yokuqashelwa kobuso, abakhiqizi be-smartphone nabo baye bathuthukisa izixazululo zabo phakathi neminyaka. Sekukonke, inhloso bekuwukuthuthukisa isivinini sokubonwa ngaphandle kokudela ukunemba kakhulu.
Kungaba njalo okuthakaselayo
U-Vratislav Holub Ukubonwa kobuso okusekelwe emisebeni ye-infrared
Ukubonwa kobuso kwe-infrared kudinga ihadiwe eyengeziwe kukhamera engaphambili. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izixazululo zokubonwa kobuso kwe-infrared ezenziwe zilingana. Uhlobo lokuqala lubandakanya ukuthatha isithombe esinezinhlangothi ezimbili sobuso bakho, esifana nendlela yangaphambilini, kodwa esikhundleni se-infrared spectrum. Inzuzo eyinhloko ukuthi amakhamera e-infrared awadingi ukuthi ubuso bakho bukhanye kahle futhi angasebenza ezindaweni ezinokukhanya kalufifi. Aphinde amelane kakhulu nemizamo yokugqekeza ngoba amakhamera e-infrared asebenzisa amandla okushisa ukuze enze isithombe.
I-Face ID
Ngenkathi ukubonwa kobuso kwe-infrared ye-2D sekuvele kugxumela futhi kubopha ngaphambi kwezindlela zendabuko ezisuselwe ezithombeni zekhamera, kukhona indlela engcono kakhulu. Lokho, kunjalo, i-Face ID ye-Apple, esebenzisa uchungechunge lwezinzwa ukuze ithwebule ukumelwa kobuso bakho obunezinhlangothi ezintathu. Le ndlela empeleni isebenzisa ikhamera yangaphambili kancane kuphela, njengoba iningi ledatha litholwa ezinye izinzwa eziskena ubuso bakho. I-illuminator, iprojektha yechashazi le-infrared kanye nekhamera ye-infrared kusetshenziswa lapha.
Isikhanyisi siqale sikhanyise ubuso bakho ngokukhanya kwe-infrared, iprojektha yamachashaza ikhiqiza amachashazi angama-infrared angu-30 kuwo, athwetshulwa ikhamera ye-infrared. Lokhu kwakha imephu yobuso bakho ejulile futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthola idatha yobuso enembile. Yonke into ibe ihlolwa injini ye-neural, eqhathanisa imephu enjalo nedatha ethwebuliwe lapho umsebenzi wenziwe wasebenza.
Ukuvula ngobuso kulungile, kodwa kungase kungavikeleki
Akukho ukuphikiswa ukuthi ukubonwa kobuso kwe-3D kusetshenziswa ukukhanya kwe-infrared kuyindlela ephephe kakhulu. Futhi i-Apple iyakwazi lokhu, yingakho, naphezu kokungajabuli kwabasebenzisi abaningi, igcina i-cutout kusibonisi kuma-iPhones abo kuze kube yilapho bethola ukuthi izinzwa ngazinye bazifihla kuphi futhi kanjani. Futhi njengoba ama-cutout engagqokwa emhlabeni we-Android, ubuchwepheshe bokuqala obuthembele kuphela ezithombeni bujwayelekile lapha, nakuba bulekelelwa ama-algorithms amaningi ahlakaniphile. Noma kunjalo, abakhiqizi abaningi bemishini enjalo ngeke bakuvumele ukuthi uyisebenzisele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi kakhulu. Kungakho emhlabeni we-Android, ngokwesibonelo, ubuchwepheshe bokufunda izigxivizo zeminwe ze-ultrasonic ngaphansi kwesibonisi kunesisindo esengeziwe.
Cabanga nge-iPhone ene-ID yokuthinta ngaphansi kwesibonisi
Ngakho-ke, ohlelweni lwe-Android, uhlelo lokunikeza isitifiketi kwamasevisi eselula e-Google lubeka imikhawulo emincane yokuphepha yezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuqinisekisa ze-biometric. Izindlela zokuvula ezivikeleke kancane, ezifana nokuvula ubuso ngekhamera, bese zihlukaniswa ngokuthi "ezifanele". Kalula nje, azinakusetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi njenge-Google Pay nezihloko zasebhange. I-ID yobuso be-Apple ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiya nokuvula noma yini, kanye nokukhokha ngayo, njll.
Kuma-smartphone, idatha ye-biometric ivamise ukubethelwa futhi ibekwe yodwa kuzingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezivikelwe ngokuphepha ngaphakathi kwesistimu-on-chip yedivayisi yakho (SoC). I-Qualcomm, engomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu bama-chips ama-smartphones ngohlelo lwe-Android, ifaka i-Secure Processing Unit kuma-SoCs ayo, i-Samsung ine-Knox Vault, kanti i-Apple, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inohlelo olungaphansi oluvikelekile lwe-Secure Enclave.
Kungaba njalo okuthakaselayo
Okwedlule nekusasa
Ukusetshenziswa okususelwe ekukhanyeni kwe-infrared sekuyinto eyivelakancane kule minyaka embalwa edlule, nakuba kuvikeleke kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwama-iPhones ne-iPad Pros, ama-smartphones amaningi awasenazo izinzwa ezidingekayo. Manje isimo sesilula, futhi kuzwakala ngokucacile njengesixazululo se-Apple. Kodwa-ke, kunesikhathi lapho amadivaysi amaningi e-Android, ukusuka ebangeni eliphakathi ukuya kuma-flagships, ane-hardware edingekayo. Isibonelo, i-Samsung Galaxy S8 ne-S9 bakwazi ukubona iris yeso, i-Google yahlinzeka ngokuvula ubuso okubizwa nge-Soli ku-Pixel 4 yayo, kanye nokuvula ubuso kwe-3D nakho kwakutholakala ocingweni lweHuawei Mate 20 Pro. Kodwa awufuni ukusika? Ngeke ube nezinzwa ze-IR.
Nokho, ngaphandle kokususwa kwazo ku-ecosystem ye-Android, kungenzeka ukuthi ukubonwa kobuso kwekhwalithi ephezulu kangako kuzobuya ngesikhathi esithile. Awekho nje kuphela izinzwa zeminwe kodwa namakhamera ngaphansi kwesibonisi. Ngakho-ke mhlawumbe kuyindaba yesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba izinzwa ze-infrared zithole ukwelashwa okufanayo. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi sizovalelisa kuma-cutouts ngokuhle, mhlawumbe ngisho nase-Apple.
Hhayi-ke, ngingasho ukuthi i-Android akufanele ibhekane nalokhu, ngoba ayizange isuse izinzwa zayo zeminwe futhi ngokuvamile ayiphoqi noma ubani ukuba asebenzise indlela enjalo yokudangala.