Vala isikhangiso
Izindaba

USteve Jobs - izingcaphuno ezivela encwadini I.

Libor Kubín
32

Bafundi abathandekayo, i-Jablíčkář ikunikeza kuphela ithuba lokufunda amasampula ambalwa encwadini ezayo ye-biography ka-Steve Jobs, ezofika e-Czech Republic ngomhla ka-15 Novemba ngaphambi koku-oda, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukubheka okuqukethwe kuyo...

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lo mbhalo awukahlolisiswa.

Siqala ngesahluko 25.

Izimiso zokudala

Ukusebenzisana kweMisebenzi no-Ive

Ngenkathi uJobs, ngemuva kokuthatha isikhundla sokuba yisikhulu esiphezulu sesikhashana ngoSepthemba 1997, wabiza abaphathi abaphezulu ndawonye futhi wethula inkulumo evusa amadlingozi, phakathi kwezithameli kwakukhona uBriton oneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala onokuqonda nothando, inhloko yethimba labaklami benkampani. UJonathan Ive - kubo bonke uJons - wayefuna ukushiya i-Apple. Akazange azihlanganise nokugxila okuyinhloko kwenkampani ekwandiseni inzuzo esikhundleni sokuklama umkhiqizo. Inkulumo kaMisebenzi yamenza waphinde wacabangisisa ngaleyo nhloso. "Ngikhumbula ngokucacile lapho uSteve ethi umgomo wethu awukona nje ukwenza imali, kodwa ukudala imikhiqizo emihle," kukhumbula u-Ive. "Izinqumo ezisekelwe kule filosofi zihluke ngokuphelele kulezo esake sazenza e-Apple ngaphambili."

U-Ive wakhulela eChingford, idolobhana elisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeLondon. Uyise wayengumkhandi wesiliva okwathi kamuva waqala ukufundisa esikoleni sendawo sokufundela umsebenzi. U-Ive uthi: “Ubaba uyingcweti enhle kakhulu. "Wake wanginika usuku lwesikhathi sakhe njengesipho sikaKhisimusi lapho siya eshabhu yesikole ndawonye, ​​ngamaholidi kaKhisimusi, lapho kungekho muntu, futhi lapho wangisiza ukwenza konke engangikutholile." kwakuwukuthi uJony kwakudingeka abe nakho konke, ukudweba ngesandla lokho afuna ukukukhiqiza. “Bengilokhu ngibubona ubuhle bezinto ezenziwe ngezandla. Kamuva ngabona ukuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela komuntu kuyo. Ngiyakuzonda lapho ukunganaki nokunganaki kungase kubonakale emkhiqizweni.”

U-Ive wafunda eNewcastle Polytechnic futhi wasebenza enkampanini yokubonisana ngemiklamo ngesikhathi sakhe esikhululekile namaholide. Enye yezinto azidalile kwakuyipeni elinebhola elincane phezulu elalingadlalwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, umnikazi uthuthukise ubuhlobo obungokomzwelo nepeni. Njengombono wakhe, u-Ive udale imakrofoni yamahedsethi - eyenziwe ngepulasitiki emhlophe emsulwa - ukuxhumana nezingane ezingezwa kahle. Ifulethi lakhe laligcwele amamodeli amagwebu awadalile njengoba ezama ukuthola umklamo ophelele kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Uphinde waklama i-ATM kanye nocingo olugobile, kokubili okuthole umklomelo weRoyal Society of Arts. Ngokungafani nabanye abaklami, akenzi nje imidwebo emihle, kodwa futhi ugxila ohlangothini lwezobuchwepheshe nokusebenza kwezinto. Esinye sezikhathi ezichazayo phakathi nezifundo zakhe kwaba ithuba lokuzama isandla sakhe ekuklameni i-Macintosh. “Ngesikhathi ngithola iMac, ngezwa nginohlobo lokuxhumana nabantu abasebenza kulo mkhiqizo,” uyakhumbula. "Ngavele ngaqonda ukuthi ibhizinisi lisebenza kanjani, noma ukuthi kufanele lisebenze kanjani."

Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu, u-Ive wabamba iqhaza ekusungulweni kwenkampani yokuklama iTangerine eLondon, kamuva eyazuza inkontileka yokubonisana ne-Apple. Ngo-1992, wathuthela eCupertino, eCalifornia, lapho amukela khona isikhundla emnyangweni wokuklama wakwa-Apple. Ngo-1996, sekusele unyaka ngaphambi kokubuya kweMisebenzi, waba yinhloko yalo mnyango, kodwa wayengajabule. U-Amelio akazange abeke ukubaluleka okukhulu ekwakhiweni. “Awukho umzamo wokunakekela kakhulu imikhiqizo ngoba besizama ukukhulisa inzuzo kuqala,” kusho u-Ive. “Thina abaklami bekumele siklame ingaphandle elihle kuphela, bese onjiniyela benza isiqiniseko sokuthi ingaphakathi lishibhile ngangokunokwenzeka. Bengizoyeka.”

Lapho uJobs ethatha umsebenzi futhi enikeza inkulumo yakhe yokwamukela, u-Ive ekugcineni wanquma ukuhlala. Kodwa Imisebenzi iqale yabheka umklami osezingeni lomhlaba ongaphandle. Wakhuluma no-Richard Sapper, owaklama i-ThinkPad ye-IBM, kanye no-Giorgetto Giugiaro, owakha umklamo we-Ferrari 250 kanye ne-Maserati Ghibli I. Kodwa wabe esevakashela umnyango wokuklama wakwa-Apple, lapho ahlatshwa umxhwele abantu abanobungane, abashisekayo futhi. unembeza kakhulu u-Ive. "Sixoxile ndawonye izindlela zamafomu nezinto zokwakha," kukhumbula u-Ive. “Ngabona ukuthi sobabili sixhumene negagasi elilodwa. Futhi ngaqonda ukuthi kungani ngithanda inkampani kangaka. ”

Kamuva Imisebenzi yangichazela inhlonipho aphatha ngayo u-Ive:

“Umnikelo kaJony hhayi ku-Apple kuphela, kodwa emhlabeni jikelele, mkhulu kakhulu. Ungumuntu ohlakaniphe ngokwedlulele futhi unobuntu obuhlukahlukene. Uyaziqonda izindaba zebhizinisi nezokumaketha. Uyakwazi ukuqonda izinto ngokugcwele. Uziqonda kangcono izimiso zomphakathi wethu kunanoma ubani omunye. Uma ngine-soulmate yami kwa-Apple, nguJony. Senza nemikhiqizo eminingi ndawonye, ​​bese siya kwabanye sibabuze, 'Nicabangani ngalokhu?' Uyakwazi ukubona wonke umkhiqizo ngamunye kanye nemininingwane emincane kakhulu. Futhi uyaqonda ukuthi i-Apple yinkampani eyakhiwe ngemikhiqizo. Akayena nje umklami. Yingakho ingisebenzela. Usebenza njengabambalwa kwa-Apple kodwa mina. Akukho muntu enkampanini ongamtshela ukuthi enzeni futhi enzenjani noma ahambe. Ngimise kanje.

Njengabaklami abaningi, u-Ive ukujabulele ukuhlaziya ifilosofi nezinqubo zokucabanga eziholele ekwakhiweni okuthile. NgeMisebenzi, inqubo yokudala yayinembile. Wakhetha amamodeli nemidwebo ngokumane esekelwe ukuthi uyawathanda noma cha. U-Ive wabe esesekelwe emibonweni kaJobs, wakha lo mklamo ngendlela egculisayo.
U-Ive wayengumlandeli womklami wezimboni waseJalimane u-Dieter Rams, owayesebenzela u-Braun, inkampani yabathengi be-electronics. U-Rams washumayela ivangeli "elincane kodwa elingcono"—weinerig aber besser—futhi, njengo-Jobs no-Ive, babambana nomklamo omusha ngamunye ukuze babone ukuthi kungenziwa kube lula kangakanani. Selokhu u-Jobs amemezela encwajaneni yakhe yokuqala ye-Apple ukuthi "ukuphelela okukhulu kakhulu ubulula," ubelokhu ephishekela ubulula obuvela ekubambeni kahle zonke izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, engazishayi indiva. "Kuwumsebenzi onzima," esho, "ukwenza into elula, ukuqonda ngempela zonke izinselelo nezinkinga ezingaba khona, futhi uqhamuke nesixazululo esihle."

Ku-Ive, Imisebenzi yathola umoya wohlobo ekufuneni kwakhe okwangempela, hhayi nje kwangaphandle, okulula.
U-Ive wake wachaza ifilosofi yakhe esitudiyo sakhe sokuklama:

“Kungani sicabanga ukuthi lokho okulula kuhle? Ngoba ngemikhiqizo engokwenyama, umuntu kumelwe abe nomuzwa wokuthi uyazilawula, ukuthi uyinkosi yazo. Ukuletha ukuhleleka ebunkingeni kuyindlela yokwenza umkhiqizo ukuthobe. Ubulula akusona nje isitayela esibonakalayo. Akuyona nje i-minimalism noma ukungabi khona kwezinxushunxushu. Imayelana nokucwila ekujuleni kobunzima. Ukuze into ibe lula ngempela, kufanele ujule kuyo. Isibonelo, uma ulwela ukungabi nezikulufu kokuthile, ungagcina usunomkhiqizo oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, oyinkimbinkimbi. Kungcono ukujula futhi uqonde wonke umkhiqizo nokuthi wenziwa kanjani. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ongadala khona ubulula. Ukuze ukwazi ukuhlubula umkhiqizo izingxenye ezingadingekile, kufanele uwuqonde ngokujulile umoya wawo.”

Imisebenzi kanye no-Ive babelane ngalesi simiso esibalulekile. Kubo, ukuklama bekungasho nje ukuthi umkhiqizo ubukeka kanjani ngaphandle. Umklamo bekufanele ubonise ingqikithi yomkhiqizo. "Esilulungwini sabantu abaningi, ukuklama kusho ukuthintana," kusho uJobs etshela uFortune ngemuva nje kokuthatha izintambo ku-Apple futhi. “Kodwa kimina, lokhu kuqonda kukude kakhulu nendlela engiyibona ngayo idizayini. Idizayini ingumphefumulo oyisisekelo wendalo yomuntu, ozibonakalisa ngokwamazinga aqhubekayo nangaphandle."
Ngakho-ke, kwa-Apple, inqubo yokudala umklamo womkhiqizo yayixhunywe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nokwakhiwa nokukhiqizwa kwayo kobuchwepheshe. U-Ive ukhuluma ngomunye wama-Power Macs ka-Apple: "Besifuna ukuyiphuca yonke into ebingabalulekile neze," kusho yena. “Lokhu kudinga ukubambisana okuphelele phakathi kwabaklami, abathuthukisi, onjiniyela kanye nethimba labadidiyeli. Sabuyela ekuqaleni futhi futhi. Ingabe siyayidinga le ngxenye? Kungenzeka yini ukuba yenze umsebenzi wezinye izingxenye ezine?”
Ukuthi u-Jobs no-Ive bazizwa kanjani ngokuqinile mayelana nokuxhumanisa idizayini yomkhiqizo kanye nengqikithi yawo nokukhiqizwa kwawo kuboniswa lapho bake baya esitolo sekhishi ngenkathi behamba eFrance. U-Ive wacosha ummese ayewuthanda, kodwa wahle wawubeka phansi ngokudumala. Imisebenzi yenza okufanayo. “Sobabili sabona insalela yeglue encane phakathi kwehilt neblade,” kukhumbula u-Ive. Base bexoxa ndawonye ngokuthi umklamo omuhle wommese wagqitshwa kanjani ngendlela ummese owakhiwe ngayo. Asithandi ukubona imimese esiyisebenzisayo ihlanganiswe ndawonye,” kusho u-Ive. "Mina noSteve siqaphela izinto ezicekela phansi ubumsulwa futhi ziphazamise ingqikithi yomkhiqizo, futhi sobabili sicabanga ngendlela yokwenza imikhiqizo yethu ibukeke ihlanzekile ngokuphelele futhi iphelele."

Isitudiyo sedizayini esiholwa yi-Jony Ive esisitezi esiphansi sebhilidi le-Infinite Loop 2 ekhempasini ye-Apple sifihlwe ngemva kwamafasitela anombala ogqamile nezicabha ezinezivikelo ezisindayo. Emuva kwabo kunendawo yokwamukela izivakashi efakwe ingilazi, lapho abasizi ababili besifazane begada khona indlela yokungena. Ngisho nabasebenzi abaningi bakwa-Apple abanakho ukufinyelela kwamahhala lapha. Izingxoxo eziningi engayenza no-Jony Ive ngale ncwadi zenzeke kwenye indawo, kodwa ngesinye isikhathi, ngo-2010, u-Ive wahlela ukuba ngichithe intambama estudiyo, ngibheke yonke into futhi ngikhulume ngokuthi lapha u-Ive noJobs basebenzisana kanjani.

Kwesokunxele somnyango kunendawo evulekile lapho abaklami abasebasha benamadeski abo, futhi kwesokudla kunekamelo elikhulu elivaliwe elinamatafula ensimbi amade ayisithupha lapho besebenzela khona amamodeli azayo. Ngemuva kwegumbi elikhulu kune-studio enochungechunge lwezindawo zokusebenza zekhompiyutha, lapho ungena khona ekamelweni elinemishini yokubumba ephendulela lokho okuku-monitor kube amamodeli we-foam. Okulandelayo, kunekamelo elinerobhothi lesifutho eliqinisekisa ukuthi amamodeli abukeka engokoqobo. Iyaqina futhi imboni lapha, konke ku-metallic grey decor. Imiqhele yezihlahla ngemuva kwamafasitela idala izibalo ezihambayo engilazini emnyama yamafasitela. Umsindo we-Techno ne-jazz ngemuva.

Uma nje uJobs engumqemane, wayedla isidlo sasemini no-Ive cishe zonke izinsuku, futhi ntambama babehamba beyobuka estudiyo. Ngokushesha nje lapho ingena, Imisebenzi yahlola amatafula emikhiqizo ezayo ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi ahambisana necebo le-Apple, ehlola uhlobo oluguqukayo lwalowo nalowo ngezandla zakhe. Ngokuvamile kwakuba bobabili nje. Abanye abaklami babheka phezulu kuphela emsebenzini wabo lapho befika, kodwa bagcina ibanga elihloniphekile. Uma i-Jobs ifuna ukuxazulula okuthile okuqondile, ubebiza inhloko ye-mechanical design noma omunye umuntu ovela kwabangaphansi kuka-Ive. Lapho ejabule ngokuthile noma enombono ngesu lenkampani, ngezinye izikhathi wayeletha i-CEO u-Tim Cook noma isikhulu sezokukhangisa uPhil Schiller naye esitudiyo. U-Ive uchaza ukuthi kuhambe kanjani:

“Leli gumbi elimangalisayo ukuphela kwendawo kuyo yonke inkampani lapho ungaqalaza khona ubone konke esikwenzayo. Afike uSteve ahlale kwelinye lamatafula. Isibonelo, lapho sisebenza nge-iPhone entsha, uthatha isihlalo futhi aqale ukudlala ngamamodeli ahlukene, awathinte futhi awaphendule ezandleni zakhe futhi asho ukuthi iyiphi ayithanda kakhulu. Bese ebheka phezu kwamanye amatafula, yimina naye kuphela, bese ehlola ukuthi eminye imikhiqizo yenziwa kanjani. Ngokuphazima kweso, uthola umbono waso sonke isimo, intuthuko yamanje ye-iPhone, i-iPad, i-iMac ne-laptop, konke esibhekana nakho. Ngenxa yalokhu, uyazi ukuthi inkampani isebenzisa ini amandla nokuthi izinto zixhumene kanjani. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi uthi: ‘Ingabe kunengqondo ukwenza lokhu? Sikhula kakhulu lapha,' noma okunye okufanayo. Bazama ukubona izinto ezihlobene nomunye nomunye, futhi lokho kuyinselele impela enkampanini enkulu kangaka. Uma ebheka amamodeli asematafuleni, uyakwazi ukubona ikusasa leminyaka emithathu ezayo.

Ingxenye enkulu yenqubo yokudala ukuxhumana. Siphinde sihlale sizungeza amatafula futhi sidlala ngamamodeli. USteve akathandi ukuhlola imidwebo eyinkimbinkimbi. Udinga ukubona imodeli, ayibambe ngesandla, ayithinte. Futhi uqinisile. Ngezinye izikhathi ngiyamangala ukuthi imodeli esiyenzayo ibukeka njenge-crap, nakuba yayibukeka inhle emidwebeni ye-CAD.

USteve uyakuthanda ukuza lapha ngoba kuthule futhi kunokuthula. Ipharadesi lomuntu obheke emehlweni. Akukho ukuhlolwa komklamo okusemthethweni, akukho sinqumo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Kunalokho, senza izinqumo ngokushelela. Njengoba sisebenza emikhiqizweni yethu nsuku zonke, sixoxa ngayo yonke into ndawonye ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi senza ngaphandle kwezethulo ezingenangqondo, asifaki engcupheni yokungavumelani okukhulu."

Ngosuku engivakashele ngalo istudiyo, u-Ive wayeqondise ukuthuthukiswa kwepulaki entsha yaseYurophu nesixhumi seMacintosh. Amamodeli amaningi egwebu abunjwa futhi apendwe ngisho nangezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlolwa. Omunye angase azibuze ukuthi kungani inhloko yokuklama ibhekana nezinto ezinjalo, kodwa u-Jobs ngokwakhe wayebambe iqhaza ekuqondiseni ukuthuthukiswa. Kusukela ekudalweni kwamandla akhethekile we-Apple II, Imisebenzi ayizange ikhathazeke ngokwakhiwa kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuklanywa kwezingxenye ezinjalo. Yena ngokwakhe uphethe ilungelo lobunikazi "isitini" samandla amhlophe seMacBook noma isixhumi kazibuthe. Ukuze kuphelele: kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2011, wabhaliswa njengomsunguli ngokubambisana kumalungelo obunikazi ahlukene angamakhulu amabili neshumi nambili e-United States.

U-Ive noJobs nabo bebezifela ngokupakishwa kwemikhiqizo eyahlukene yakwa-Apple, eminye yayo abanelungelo lobunikazi. Isibonelo, inombolo yobunikazi engu-D558,572 ekhishwe e-United States ngo-January 1, 2008 eyebhokisi le-iPod nano. Imidwebo emine ibonisa ukuthi idivayisi ibekwe kanjani kumbeleko lapho ibhokisi livuliwe. Inombolo yobunikazi engu-D596,485, eyakhishwa ngoJulayi 21, 2009, iphinde ibe eyecala le-iPhone, isembozo sayo esiqinile kanye nomzimba omncane wepulasitiki ocwebezelayo ongaphakathi.

Ekuqaleni, uMike Markkula wachazela Imisebenzi ukuthi abantu bahlulela "incwadi ngekhava yayo," ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusho ngekhava ukuthi kukhona itshe eliyigugu ngaphakathi. Noma ngabe i-iPod mini noma iMacBook Pro, amakhasimende e-Apple aseyazi ukuthi kunjani ukuvula ikesi elakhiwe kahle futhi abone ukuthi umkhiqizo ubekwe ngokucophelela kangakanani ngaphakathi. U-Ive uthi: “Mina noSteve sasichitha isikhathi esiningi sikhava. “Ngithanda uma ngiqaqa okuthile. Uma ufuna ukwenza umkhiqizo ukhethekile, cabanga ngomkhuba wokungagoqeki. Ukupakishwa kungaba yitiyetha, kungaba indaba eqediwe.”

U-Ive, owayenesimo esibucayi njengeciko, ngezinye izikhathi wayecasuka lapho uJobs ethatha udumo kakhulu. Ozakwabo banikine amakhanda ngalo mkhuba wakhe weminyaka. Ngezinye izikhathi, Ive ngizizwa nginomunyu mayelana neMisebenzi. “Wabheka imibono yami wathi, ‘Akukuhle lokhu, akukuhle, ngiyakuthanda lokhu,’” kukhumbula u-Ive. “Ngibe sengihlala ezilalelini ngamuzwa ekhuluma ngento engathi wumqondo wakhe. Nginaka kakhulu lapho umbono ngamunye uvela khona, ngigcina ngisho nejenali yemibono yami. Ngakho-ke ngiphatheke kabi kakhulu lapho besebenzisa enye yemiklamo yami. ” "Lokho kubeka i-Apple engozini enkulu njengenkampani," kusho u-Ive ngokungananazi, kodwa ngomoya ophansi. Bese ethi ukuma kancane emva kwesikhashana avume ukuthi empeleni uJobs udlala yiphi indima. "Imibono engiza nayo nethimba lami izoba yize ngaphandle kokuthi uSteve asiphushe, asebenze nathi, futhi anqobe noma yiziphi izithiyo ezingasivimbela ekuguquleni imibono yethu ibe umkhiqizo obonakalayo."

Umthombo
Ingxoxo
Izihloko: , , , , , , , , ,

Okuhlobene



Iningi lifundwe izihloko

.