U-Vratislav Holub Ukufika kwe-Apple Silicon kungenise inkathi entsha yamakhompyutha akwa-Apple. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi sithole ukusebenza okwengeziwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, okuphefumule impilo entsha kuma-Mac futhi kukhulisa kakhulu ukuthandwa kwawo. Njengoba ama-chips amasha ngokuyinhloko eyonga kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namaphrosesa avela ku-Intel, awahlushwa ngisho nezinkinga ezidumile ngokushisa ngokweqile futhi ngokuvamile agcina "ikhanda elipholile".
Kungaba njalo okuthakaselayo
Ngemuva kokushintshela ku-Mac entsha ene-Apple Silicon chip, abasebenzisi abaningi be-Apple bamangala ukuthola ukuthi lawa mamodeli awashisi ngisho kancane kancane. Ubufakazi obusobala, isibonelo, iMacBook Air. Iyonga kangangokuthi ingenza ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokupholisa okusebenzayo ngendlela yesiphephetha-moya, obekungeke kwenzeke esikhathini esidlule. Naphezu kwalokhu, i-Air ingakwazi ukubhekana kalula, isibonelo, imidlalo. Phela, sikhanyisela lokhu esihlokweni sethu mayelana ukudlala ku-MacBook Air, lapho sizama izihloko eziningana.
Kungani I-Apple Silicon Ingashisi Kakhulu
Kepha ake siqhubekele entweni ebaluleke kakhulu, noma kungani ama-Mac ane-Apple Silicon chip engashisi kangako. Izinto ezimbalwa zidlala ngokuvuna ama-chips amasha, nawo aphinde abe nomthelela kulesi sici esihle. Ekuqaleni, kufanelekile ukusho izakhiwo ezihlukene. Ama-chips we-Apple Silicon akhiwe ekwakhiweni kwe-ARM, okujwayelekile ukusetshenziswa, ngokwesibonelo, omakhalekhukhwini. Lawa mamodeli awonga kakhulu futhi angenza kalula ngaphandle kokupholisa okusebenzayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza engu-5nm nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Empeleni, inqubo yokukhiqiza incane, yilapho i-chip iphumelela futhi iyonga. Isibonelo, i-Intel Core i5 enamakhasi ayisithupha anemvamisa engu-3,0 GHz (ene-Turbo Boost efika ku-4,1 GHz), eshaya ku-Mac mini ethengiswayo njengamanje nge-Intel CPU, isekelwe kunqubo yokukhiqiza engu-14nm.
I-MacBook Air ene-M2 (2022)
Nokho, ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Lapha, ukuhlobana okuqondile kuyasebenza - uma kukhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokukhiqiza ukushisa okwengeziwe. Phela, yingakho nje i-Apple ibheja ekuhlukaniseni ama-cores abe yimali eyongayo futhi enamandla kuma-chips ayo. Ukuze uqhathanise, singathatha i-chipset ye-Apple M1. Inikeza ama-cores angu-4 anamandla ngokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwe-13,8 W kanye ne-4 cores yokonga ngokusetshenziswa okuphezulu nje kwe-1,3 W. Yilo mehluko oyisisekelo odlala indima eyinhloko. Njengoba ngesikhathi somsebenzi ojwayelekile wasehhovisi (ukuphequlula i-inthanethi, ukubhala ama-imeyili, njll.) lolu cingo aludli lutho, ngokunengqondo alunayo indlela yokushisa. Ngokuphambene, isizukulwane sangaphambilini se-MacBook Air sizosebenzisa i-10 W esimweni esinjalo (esimweni esiphansi kakhulu).
Ukwenza ngcono
Nakuba imikhiqizo ye-Apple ingase ingabonakali ihamba phambili ephepheni, isanikeza ukusebenza okumangalisayo futhi yenza okuningi noma okuncane ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kodwa isihluthulelo salokhu akuyona nje i-hardware, kodwa ukwenziwa kwayo okuhle ngokuhlanganiswa nesofthiwe. Yilokhu kanye i-Apple ekade isekela kuyo ama-iPhones ayo iminyaka, futhi manje idlulisela inzuzo efanayo emhlabeni wamakhompyutha we-Apple, okuthi, kuhlanganiswe nama-chipsets awo, asezingeni elisha ngokuphelele. Ukuthuthukisa isistimu yokusebenza nge-hardware ngokwayo kuthela izithelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlelo zokusebenza ngokwazo zithambile futhi azidingi amandla anjalo, okunciphisa ngokwemvelo umphumela wazo ekusetshenzisweni nasekukhiqizeni ukushisa okulandelayo.
Kungaba njalo okuthakaselayo
Kuyahlekisa ngempela ukuqhathanisa "ikhulu leminyaka" i5 ku-14nm nama-SoCs amanje ku-5/4nm. Isakhiwo se- "apple silicon" sisodwa ngokuqinisekile besingeke sibe nokusebenza okungako (ngisho ne-i5 yamanje). I-Apple ibheja kuma-accelerator akhethekile (ama-coprocessors). Ukwenziwa kahle okukhulu kwe-OS ku-SoC yabo kuletha ukusebenza "okudonsa umoya". Kodwa - uma usebenzise uhlelo lokusebenza lapho "i-apula silicon" ingenayo i-coprocessor, ukusebenza kuzokwehla futhi ngeke kube sezingeni le-i3 ehamba kancane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-i5 eshiwo ngenhla yenza "kancane ngokulinganayo" kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi (ingabalwa ihluzo zayo ezibuhlungu). Yebo, angisho ukuthi "i-apula silicon" ama-SoCs mabi, ngichaza umehluko. I-x86 imane idonsa ukuhambisana kusukela ngo-1976 (!), ngakho isofthiwe yaleso sikhathi iyakwazi ukusebenza kuma-x86 CPUs/SoCs anamuhla. Okungenye yezinkinga "zokunensa" kwe-x86 uma kuqhathaniswa nesakhiwo "se-apula-optimized" se-aarch64…
Hhayi-ke, i-Intel inecala layo ngalokho, ngoba ilokhu ikhulula amaphrosesa amasha anama-14nm processors. Uma uqhathanisa ukusebenza kwephrosesa ngayinye entsha, awukwazi ngisho nokubona ushintsho olubalulekile lonyaka nonyaka! I-Intel iphumule kancane futhi manje bayayikhokhela.
*ngenqubo yokukhiqiza engu-14nm