Isikhethi se-apula NgoNdasa kuzoshicilelwa inguqulo yesiCzech yale ncwadi U-Jony Ive - ingcweti ngemuva kwemikhiqizo ehamba phambili Apple, eshadi impilo yesithonjana sokuklama nesisebenzi se-Apple eside. Manje i-Jablíčkář isiyatholakala kuwe ngokubambisana nenhlangano yokushicilela Umbono Oluhlaza inikeza ukubukeka okukhethekile kokuqala ngaphansi kwehood yencwadi ezayo - isahluko esinesihloko esithi "Jony Saves"...
UJony uyasindisa
Umsebenzi wokuqala omkhulu kaJony e-Apple kwakuwukuklama i-Newton MessagePad yesizukulwane sesibili. I-Newton yokuqala yayingekho ngisho emakethe okwamanje, kodwa ithimba labaklami lase liyizonda kakade. Ngenxa yesimiso esimatasa sokukhiqiza, imodeli yokuqala yayinamaphutha amakhulu abaphathi be-Apple, kanye nabaqambi, ababefuna ukuwalungisa.
Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba i-Newton ifike emakethe, i-Apple iveze ukuthi isembozo esihleliwe, obekufanele sivikele isibonisi sayo sengilazi esintekenteke, asizange sivumele isikhala samakhadi okunweba, obekufanele ashelele ku-slot phezulu kwedivayisi. Ithimba labaklami lanikwa umsebenzi wokwenza ngokushesha iphakheji ephathekayo, okuhlanganisa nekesi lesikhumba elishelelayo, futhi yileyondlela idivayisi eya emakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhulumi sikaNewton sasisendaweni engafanele. Kwakuyindawo yokuphumula yesundu, ngakho lapho umsebenzisi ephethe idivayisi, yayimboza isipikha.
Onjiniyela bezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha bebefuna isizukulwane sesibili i-Newton (eqanjwe ngekhodi "Lindy") ukuthi sibe nesikrini esikhudlwana ukuze kuqashelwe kalula ukubhala ngesandla. Ngenxa yokuthi ipeni lalinanyathiselwe kabi ukusuka ohlangothini, into u-Newton ayinweba kakhulu ngokubona, babefuna inguqulo entsha ibe mncane kakhulu. Eyangempela yayibukeka njengesitini, ngakho yayingena kuphela emaphaketheni ejakhethi amakhulu noma ejakhethi.
UJony wasebenza kuphrojekthi kaLinda phakathi kukaNovemba 1992 noJanuwari 1993. Ukuze athole i-hang yephrojekthi, waqala "ngendaba" yakhe yokuklama - okungukuthi, wazibuza: Ithini indaba yalo mkhiqizo? I-Newton yayiyintsha, ivumelana nezimo, futhi ihlukile kweminye imikhiqizo kangangokuthi ukwenza injongo yayo eyinhloko kwakungelula. Yashintsha yaba ithuluzi elihlukile kuye ngokuthi iyiphi isofthiwe esebenza kuyo, ngakho-ke ingaba incwajana noma umshini wefeksi. I-CEO Sculley ibhekise kuye ngokuthi "PDA," kodwa kuJony, leyo ncazelo yayinganembile kakhulu.
"Inkinga ngeNewton yokuqala yayiwukuthi yayingahlobene nokuphila kwabantu kwansuku zonke," kusho uJony. "Ayinikezanga mfanekiso ukuze abasebenzisi babambelele kuwo." Ngakho waqala ukuyilungisa.
Kubantu abaningi, ikepisi liyikepisi nje, kodwa uJony walinaka ngokukhethekile. “Into yokuqala oyibonayo, into yokuqala ohlangana nayo,” kusho uJony. “Kufanele uvule isivalo ngaphambi kokuthi usebenzise umkhiqizo. Bengifuna kube yisikhathi esingavamile.”
Ukuze athuthukise lesi sikhathi, u-Jony uklame indlela yokuxhuma ehlakaniphile, esebenza entwasahlobo. Lapho uphusha ikepisi, yavela. Lo mshini wasebenzisa isiphethu sethusi esincane esalungiswa ngokucophelela ukuze sibe nenani elifanele lokushwiba.
Ukuze ikhava ishiye isikhala samakhadi okunweba phezulu kwedivayisi, u-Jony udale ihinge ekabili evumela ikhava ukuthi idlule noma yiziphi izithiyo. Kuthe uma kuvuleka ikhava, wagxuma waqonda ngemuva lapho ayephuma khona. "Ukuphakamisa ikepisi phezulu nokuhlehla bekubalulekile ngoba isenzo esinjena besingaqondile kunoma yiliphi isiko," kuphawula uJony ngaleso sikhathi.
“Ukutshekisa ikhava eceleni, njengasencwadini, kwadala izinkinga ngoba abantu base-Europe nase-US babefuna ukuvula kwesokunxele, kuyilapho abantu baseJapan befuna ukuvula kwesokudla. Ukwamukela wonke umuntu, nginqume ukuthi ikepisi lizovuleka ngqo.'
Esigabeni esilandelayo, u-Jony waphendukela "ku-randomness factor" - ama-nuances akhethekile anganikeza umkhiqizo uhlamvu lomuntu siqu futhi oluthile. U-Newton wayethembele kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-stylus, ngakho u-Jony wagxila kuleli peni, ayazi ukuthi abasebenzisi bathanda ukudlala ngalo. UJony uxazulule umkhawulo wobubanzi futhi wahlanganisa ipeni ku-MessagePad ngokwayo ngokugxila ekubekeni i-slot yokugcina phezulu. “Ngaphikelela ukuthi ikhava ibheke phezulu nangaphezulu, njengencwajana yokubhala ye-stenographer, eyayiqondwa wonke umuntu, futhi abasebenzisi babone uLindy njengencwadi yokubhalela. I-quill ebekwe phezulu lapho i-spiral of binding izoba khona esimweni sephedi ye-stenographer yenza inhlangano efanele. Lokhu kube yingqikithi yendaba yomkhiqizo.”
Imbobo yayimfushane kakhulu ukuze ilingane nothi lokuloba losayizi ogcwele, ngakho u-Jony wakha i-stylus eyayishelela ngaphandle ngobuhlakani. Njengekepisi, ipeni lalisekelwe kumshini wokukhipha owenziwe wasebenza lapho umsebenzisi ecindezela phansi phezulu. Ukuze ayinikeze isisindo esifanele, wenza ipeni ngethusi.
Bonke ozakwabo bawuthanda lo mkhiqizo. “ULindy wayeyisikhathi esimangalisayo kuJonathan,” kusho omunye umklami uParsey.
Okwenza izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu, uJony wayenomnqamulajuqu omfushane kakhulu okufanele awuqede, ohambisana nezingcindezi ezinkulu. Inguqulo yokuqala yedivayisi ephathekayo ye-Apple imakwe kabi ngokuvela kwayo ochungechungeni lwamakhathuni i-Doonesbury. Umdwebi wekhathuni u-Gery Trudeau uveze amakhono ka-Newton okubona ukubhala ngesandla njengokufisa, okwenza idivayisi ishaye ibhande engazange iphinde ilulame. Ngenxa ye-Trudeau, i-Newton MessagePad yokuqala kwadingeka ishintshwe ngokushesha okukhulu.
Yonke ingcindezi yehlela kuJony. "Uma uqaphela ukuthi inzuzo engakanani nsuku zonke ungemuva kwesimiso, kuyakuphoqa ukuthi ugxile," esho ngehaba elivamile laseBrithani.
Okwamangaza ozakwabo, uJony wakwazi ukusuka ekwakhiweni kokuqala ukuya emcabangweni wokuqala wegwebu emasontweni amabili, umsebenzi osheshayo kunanoma ubani owake wabona. Ezimisele ukuqeda iphrojekthi ngesikhathi, uJony waya eTaiwan ukuyoxazulula izinkinga zokukhiqiza. Ukanise ehhotela eliseduze nemboni lapho kwakwakhiwa khona i-Newton. Bekanye nonjiniyela wehadiwe, baxazulule izinkinga ngomshini we-pop-up wepeni ekamelweni.
UParsey ukhumbula uJony emcindezela ukuthi enze okuthile okungajwayelekile. “Ukuze udale umklamo ongcono kakhulu, kufanele uphile futhi uphefumule umkhiqizo. Izinga uJonathan ayesebenza kulo lase liphenduka uthando. Kwakuyinqubo egcwele injabulo nokukhathala. Kodwa uma ungazimisele ngokunikela ngakho konke emsebenzini, umklamo awusoze waba muhle.”
Lapho sekuqediwe, ozakwabo bakaJony bashaqeka futhi bamangazwa yibo bobabili uNewton noJony abasha, ababejoyine iqembu ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambili. Isikhulu sakwa-Apple uGaston Bastiens, obephethe iNewton, utshele uJony ukuthi uzowina noma yimuphi umklomelo wokuklama. Kwacishe kwenzeka. Ngemuva kokwethulwa kukaLinda ngo-1994, uJony uthole imiklomelo eminingi ebalulekile yezimboni: Indondo Yegolide Yezimboni Zokuklama Okuhle kakhulu, Indondo Ye-Industrie Forum Design, i-German Design Innovation Award, indondo ye-Best of Category evela ku-ID Design Review kanye nokuhlonishwa ngokuba yingxenye yeqoqo elihlala njalo le-ID. I-Museum of Modern Art eSan Francisco.
Enye yezinto uRick English ayiqaphela ngoJony kwaba ukuzonda kwakhe amanani. Noma kunalokho ukungabaza ukwamukela le miklomelo esidlangalaleni. “Esaqala umsebenzi wakhe, uJony Ive wathi ngeke aye kule micimbi,” kusho isiNgisi. “Leso yisenzo esithokozisayo, esimenze wahluka kakhulu. Bekunengeka ukuthi agibele esiteji amukele izindondo.'
I-MessagePad 110 kaJony yayisemakethe ngo-March 1994, ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha nje i-Newton yasekuqaleni idayiswa. Ngeshwa, alibanga khona ithuba lokusindisa i-Newton, njengoba i-Apple yenza uchungechunge lwamaphutha amakhulu okumaketha - iphusha idivayisi yokuqala ukuthi imakethe ngaphambi kokuba ilunge futhi ikhangise ngamakhono ayo. Ibhekene nokulindela okungenangqondo, i-Newton ayizange izuze umthamo obalulekile wokuthengisa. Zombili izizukulwane ze-Newtons nazo zabhekana nezinkinga zebhethri nokuqashelwa okungekuhle kokubhala ngesandla, uTrudeau akuhleka usulu. Ngisho nomklamo wenkanyezi kaJony awukwazanga ukuwugcina.
U-Phil Gray, owayengumphathi wakhe kwa-RWG, ukhumbula ehlangana no-Jony e-London ngemva kokuphuma kwe-MessagePad 110 yakhe. “Uma ngibheka emuva namuhla, i-Newton ifana nesitini. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuwumshini ophathwayo ongekho muntu ngaphambili,” kusho uGrey. “UJony ubephatheke kabi ngoba yize esebenze kanzima kodwa bekumele enze izinto eziningi ngenxa ye-technical components. Nokho, ngemuva kwalokho, wangena esikhundleni e-Apple lapho engakwazi ukuthonya ingxenye yezobuchwepheshe kuphela, kodwa futhi aphathe futhi alawule lezi zinqubo ngesikhathi esifanayo. "
Ngakho-ke i-MessagePad imele uguquko olukhulu esu lokukhiqiza le-Apple. I-MessagePad 110 ingumkhiqizo wokuqala wakwa-Apple ukukhishwa ngokugcwele eTaiwan. I-Apple ike yasebenzisana namafemu aseJapane ngaphambili (i-Sony yabaqaphi, iCanon yamaphrinta), kodwa ngokuvamile ikhiqize imikhiqizo yayo ezimbonini zayo. Endabeni ye-MessagePad 110, u-Apple wathuthela uNewton ku-Inventec. “Benze umsebenzi omangalisayo, benze kahle impela,” kusho uBrunner. “Ekugcineni, izinga beliphezulu impela. Nganika uJony udumo ngalokho. Wacishe wawa, echitha isikhathi esiningi eTaiwan ukuze alungise yonke into. Bekukuhle. Kwenziwe kahle. Isebenze kahle impela. Bekuwumkhiqizo omangalisayo.”
Lesi sinqumo siholele ekutheni i-Apple ithembele kosonkontileka bangaphandle ukuze benze imikhiqizo yayo. Nokho, lo mkhuba waba nempikiswano eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphothulwa kwephrojekthi kaLinda, uJony waba nombono wokwenza lula ukuklama kweziqapha zeCRT ezinkulu ze-Apple, ngokungangabazeki okwakungumkhiqizo ongemuhle wenkampani futhi ungomunye obiza kakhulu ukuwenza. Ngenxa yobukhulu nobunkimbinkimbi bazo, isikhunta samacala okuqapha epulasitiki singabiza ngaphezu kwesigidi samaRandi ukwenza—futhi kwakukhona inqwaba yamamodeli ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukuze wonge imali, u-Jony weza nombono womklamo omusha onezingxenye ezishintshayo ezingalungiselelwa osayizi abambalwa bokuqapha. Ekuqaleni, izindlu zokuqapha zazinezingxenye ezimbili: i-bezel (isici sangaphambili esihlala ngaphambili kweshubhu le-cathode ray) kanye nendlu efana nephakethe eyayivale futhi ivikele ingemuva le-CRT. UJony waqhamuka nombono wokuhlukanisa icala libe izingxenye ezine: ifremu, ingxenye ephakathi yephakethe kanye nephakethe elingemuva elineziqephu ezimbili. Idizayini ye-modular ivumele kokubili iphakethe elimaphakathi nengemuva ukuthi lihlale lifana kuwo wonke umugqa womkhiqizo. I-bezel yangaphambili kuphela ekhiqizwe ngosayizi abahlukahlukene ukuze kufakwe osayizi abahlukile bokuqapha.
Ngaphandle kokonga imali, icala elisha nalo belibukeka lingcono. Idizayini yayo eguquliwe ivumele ukulingana okuqinile kwama-CRT ahlukahlukene, okuwenza abonakale emancane futhi ebukeka kahle kakhulu. Idizayini ka-Jony iphinde yethula izici ezimbalwa ezintsha olimini lokuklama lweqembu, okuhlanganisa i-vent entsha nesisombululo sesikulufu. "Indlela entsha icashe kakhulu," kusho umklami u-Bart Andre, owaklama amacala ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni kukaJony. Kwakubonakala sengathi umsebenzi wakhe wawungathakazelisa noma ubani.
Isicaphuna esihle. Ngiyibheke ngabomvu incwadi.
Ngiyabonga ngesahluko, ngicacile - angikwazi ukulinda :)