Amaya Toman Nakuba umlando wezinkampani ezithile nezinhlangano umfushane, ubaluleke kakhulu. Kwaba njalo nangeNapster - inkampani ye-inthanethi ngaphansi kwamaphiko ayo isevisi eyimpikiswano yontanga yegama elifanayo yazalwa. Babenjani? ukuqala kweNapster?
Kungaba njalo okuthakaselayo
Za ukuvela Izinkonzo zaseNapster zazimile Shaw Fanning a Sean Parker. I-Napster, eqale umsebenzi wayo ngo 1999, kwakungeyona yodwa isevisi yokwabelana ku-inthanethi ngaleso sikhathi. Nokho, uma iqhathaniswa "nabaqhudelana" nayo ngaleso sikhathi, yayigqama ngesikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo esimnandi nesisebenziseka kalula nokugxila kwayo okukhethekile kumafayela omculo ku. Ifomethi ye-mp3. Ekuqaleni, abanikazi be-PC kuphela abanohlelo lokusebenza abangajabulela i-Napster Windows, ngo-2000 inkampani yafika I-Black Hole Media neklayenti elibizwa Macster, kamuva eyathengwa nguNapster futhi yaguqulwa yaba iklayenti elisemthethweni leNapster lamaMac. Wayiphuca igama layo lokuqala wayisakaza ngaphansi kwesihloko I-Napster ye-Mac.
Kwakungeyona into engavamile ukuthi avele eNapster ngezikhathi ezithile ukwakheka noma wonke albhamu nangaphambi kokukhululwa kwayo. Iningi labatoliki lizwakalise ukukhathazeka ngokuthi inketho yokulanda mahhala ngeke ithinteke kabi ukuthengisa okuqoshiwe kwabo. Kulo mongo, icala lebhendi liyathakazelisa Radiohead - amathrekhi avela ku-albhamu yakhe ezayo Ingane A uvele eNapster ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule ukukhululwa ngokusemthethweni. Ibhendi yayingakaze iphule i-US Top 20 kuze kube yileso sikhathi. I-Kid A ukulanda kwamahhala kulinganiselwa abantu abayizigidi emhlabeni wonke, futhi akekho owabikezela impumelelo enkulu ngaye. Ngo-Okthoba wonyaka 2000 kodwa i-albhamu yafakwa ohlwini lokuqala lweshadi Billboard 200 ama-albhamu athengiswa kakhulu, futhi ngokusho kwabanye ube nale mpumelelo ithonya ngokunembile ukuthi kungenzeka "ukunambitha" izingoma nge-Napster.
Kungaba njalo okuthakaselayo
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwayo, iNapster yaziqhenya ngabasebenzisi ababhalisiwe abayizigidi ezingama-80. Kubo, isevisi ibe ngaphezu kwakho konke indawo enhle lapho bengathola khona ukuqoshwa okudala noma okungajwayelekile, noma okuqoshiwe okuvela kumakhonsathi abukhoma. Njengoba i-Napster ikhula ekuthandeni phakathi kwabasebenzisi, kanjalo nezinkinga. Ezindlini eziningi zokulala zasekolishi, iNapster ibivinjiwe ngoba ibilayisha kakhulu amanethiwekhi abo. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwaphakama izithiyo ezingokomthetho mayelana neNapster.
Ngo-April wonyaka 2000 iqembu laphuma ngamandla ngokumelene neNapster Metallica. Ngokufana neRadiohead eshiwo ngenhla, umculo wakhe uvele eNapster ngaphambi kokukhululwa ngokusemthethweni. "UNapster uthathe umculo wethu ngaphandle kokubuza," kusho umshayi wesigubhu u-Lars Ulrich ngaphambi kweCongress ngoJulayi wonyaka 2000. “Abakaze basicele imvume. Ngamafuphi, ikhathalogi yethu yomculo itholakale ukuze ilandwe mahhala ku-Napster”. Uphinde wakhulumela phansi uNapster ukuqopha izinkampani association of america nabanye abaningi. Umqondo wokuthi umculo ufinyeleleke kubo bonke abantu wawubonakala uhlakaniphe kakhulu kubantu abaningi, umthetho kodwa wakhuluma ngokusobala uNapster walahlekelwa yicala.
Igalari yezithombe
UNapster waqeda ukusatshalaliswa komculo kwamahhala ngoJulayi wonyaka 2001. Abadlali nabanikazi be-copyright bakhokhelwe ngabaqhubi besevisi amashumi ezigidi zamarandi, futhi baguqule isevisi yabo yaba inkundla esekelwe kokubhaliselwe kwanyanga zonke. Kodwa-ke, iNapster ngendlela yayo entsha ayizange ihlangabezane nempumelelo enkulu, futhi 2002 wamemezela ukuqothuka. NgoSepthemba wonyaka 2008 INapster yathengwa yinkampani yaseMelika Best Buy, eminyakeni embalwa kamuva inkampani yamthatha yaba ngaphansi kwephiko layo Rhapsody.
Nakuba i-Napster ingazange ihambe ngendlela enhle kakhulu, ivule indlela yezinsizakalo zokusakaza zesikhathi esizayo futhi yanikela ngokuphawulekayo ekubunjweni okusha kwemboni yomculo.
Izinsiza: PCWorld, CNN, Itshe eligingqikayo, I-Verge,
