Vala isikhangiso

Njengamanje, kubonakala sengathi inkathi yesofthiwe enelayisensi ehamba phambili nge-Microsoft Windows, eyayikhona lapha amashumi eminyaka ambalwa, isizophela ngokuphelele. Kuze kube muva nje, imodeli yesofthiwe enelayisensi ibithathwa njengokuphela kwendlela engenzeka yokusondela ekuthengisweni kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha.

Umbono wokuthi indlela yesofthiwe enelayisensi iyona kuphela indlela yokuhamba wagxila phakathi neminyaka yawo-1990, ngokusekelwe empumelelweni enkulu ye-Microsoft, futhi wawulokhu uqinisekiswa nakakhulu lapho ezinye zemishini ehlanganisiwe yangaleso sikhathi njenge-Amiga, Atari ST , Acorn , u-Commodore noma u-Archimedes.

Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Apple yayiwukuphela kwenkampani eyayikhiqiza amadivaysi ahlanganisiwe ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa yi-Microsoft, futhi kwakuyisikhathi esinzima kakhulu ku-Apple.

Njengoba imodeli yesofthiwe enelayisensi ibonwe njengesixazululo esisebenzayo, kube nemizamo eminingi yokulandela i-Microsoft nokuhamba nomzila wesofthiwe onelayisensi. Mhlawumbe edume kakhulu yi-OS/2 evela ku-IBM, kodwa iLanga ngohlelo lwayo lweSolaris noma uSteve Jobs ne-NEXTSTEP yakhe nabo beze nezixazululo zabo.

Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi akekho okwazile ukuzuza izinga elifanayo lempumelelo nge-software yabo njengoba iMicrosoft iphakamise ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle.

Kuvela ukuthi imodeli yesoftware enelayisense eyakhethwa yiMicrosoft akuyona inketho elungile neyimpumelelo, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi iMicrosoft yasungula ukuzimela phakathi neminyaka yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye okungekho muntu owakwazi ukuzivikela kuyo, futhi ngenxa yokuthi yahlukumeza abalingani bayo be-hardware amashumi eminyaka, ikwazile ukushaya ngesofthiwe yakho enelayisensi. Kukho konke lokhu, wayesizwa ngaso sonke isikhathi abezindaba bebika ngezwe lezobuchwepheshe, elihlanganisa ukwehluleka kanye nemikhuba engalungile ye-Microsoft futhi ihlale ikhazimulisa ngobumpumputhe, futhi konke lokhu naphezu kokungavunyelwa kwezintatheli ezizimele.

Omunye umzamo wokuhlola imodeli yesofthiwe enelayisensi wafika ekuqaleni kwawo-21 lapho uPalm ehluleka ukwenza kahle ngokuthengisa koMsizi wakhe Wedijithali (PDA). Ngaleso sikhathi, wonke umuntu weluleka uPalm, ngokusekelwe kumkhuba wamanje, lokho iMicrosoft engakweluleka, okuwukuhlukanisa ibhizinisi layo libe yisofthiwe nengxenye yehadiwe. Nakuba ngaleso sikhathi umsunguli wePalm uJeff Hawkins ekwazile ukusebenzisa isu elifana nelika-Apple lokuza emakethe neTreos, okungukuthi iphayona phakathi kwama-smartphones, ukulandelwa okuzayo kwemodeli yeMicrosoft kwaletha iPalm onqenqemeni lwencithakalo. Inkampani yahlukana yaba ingxenye yesofthiwe ye-PalmSource kanye nengxenye ye-hardware ye-PalmOne, okuwukuphela komphumela owawuwukuthi amakhasimende ayedidekile ngempela futhi ngokuqinisekile akuzange kubalethele nzuzo. Kepha okwagcina kubulale uPalm ngokuphelele empeleni kwakuyi-iPhone.

Ekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1990, i-Apple yanquma ukwenza into engakaze izwakale ngesikhathi lapho isofthiwe enelayisensi ibusa, okungukuthi ukukhiqiza amadivaysi ahlanganisiwe. I-Apple, ngaphansi kobuholi bukaSteve Jobs, igxile kokuthile okungekho muntu emhlabeni wamakhompyutha owayengakunikeza ngaleso sikhathi - ukuxhumana okusha, okusungulayo nokuqinile phakathi kwehadiwe nesoftware. Ngokushesha uqhamuke namadivayisi ahlanganisiwe afana ne-iMac entsha noma i-PowerBook, eyayingaseyona nje imishini engahambelani ne-Windows, kodwa futhi esungula izinto ezintsha ngokumangalisayo futhi enobuhlakani.

Ngo-2001, nokho, i-Apple yaqhamuka nedivaysi ye-iPod eyayingaziwa ngaleso sikhathi, okwathi ngo-2003 yakwazi ukunqoba umhlaba wonke futhi yaletha inzuzo enkulu ku-Apple.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abezindaba ababika emhlabeni wobuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha benqabile ukucabangela isiqondiso lapho lobu buchwepheshe buqala ukuya khona, intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ye-Microsoft yayibonakala kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kuka-2003 no-2006, waqala ukusebenza ngokuhluka kwakhe ngetimu ye-iPod ukuze ethule umdlali wakhe weZune ngoNovemba 14, 2006.

Akekho ongamangala, nokho, ukuthi iMicrosoft yenza kabi emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe obudidiyelwe njengoba kwenza i-Apple emkhakheni wesoftware enelayisense, futhi i-Zune yayihambisana nehlazo kuzo zonke izizukulwane zayo.

Kodwa-ke, i-Apple yaqhubekela phambili kwathi ngo-2007 yethula i-iPhone yokuqala, okwathi phakathi nekota yonyaka yadayisela imizamo yeMicrosoft yesoftware enelayisense yomakhalekhukhwini beWindows CE/Windows.

I-Microsoft yayingenakho ukukhetha ngaphandle kokuthenga inkampani ngengxenye yesigidi sezigidi zamaRandi, ngenxa yokuthi yayingakwazi ukuqalisa indlela yamadivaysi eselula ahlanganisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2008, yathatha idivayisi yeselula eyayithandwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, eyasungulwa ngu-Andy Rubin, empeleni eyayiyisandulela se-Android, ngoba ngokwengxenye yesofthiwe yayo, kwakuyisistimu esekelwe ku-Java ne-Linux.

IMicrosoft yenze into efanayo ngoDanger njengoba yenze ngakho konke ekuthengiwe kwayo, yayicindezela emphinjeni ngokunganaki.

Okuphuma ku-Microsoft kwakuyi-KIN - idivayisi yeselula yokuqala ehlanganisiwe ye-Microsoft eyahlala izinsuku ezingu-48 emakethe. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-KIN, i-Zune empeleni yayiseyimpumelelo enkulu.

Cishe akusamangazi ukuthi ngesikhathi i-Apple ikhipha i-iPad, eyazuza umusa womhlaba wonke kalula, iMicrosoft, ngokubambisana nozakwabo wesikhathi eside i-HP, yashesha nempendulo yayo ngendlela yethebhulethi ye-Slate PC, okwakhiqizwa izinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuphela.

Futhi-ke kungumbuzo kuphela wokuthi iMicrosoft izokwenzani ngeNokia efayo, okuyimanje ishova emphinjeni wayo.

Kuyamangaza ukuthi imidiya yezobuchwepheshe ibingaboni kanjani ngokungakwazi ukubona ukuguguleka okuqhubekayo kwemodeli yesofthiwe enelayisensi ebangelwe yi-Apple ngemikhiqizo yayo ehlanganisiwe. Ungawuchaza kanjani futhi umdlandla owatholwa yi-Android esafufusa kule midiya. Abezindaba babembheka njengongena esikhundleni seMicrosoft, i-Android eyayizothatha kuyo izintambo zesoftware enelayisense.

Amashalofu esofthiwe ku-Apple Store.

I-Google ihlanganyele ne-HTC ukudala i-Nexus - idivayisi esebenza ku-Android kuphela. Kodwa ngemuva kokuthi lokhu kuhlola kuhlulekile, kulokhu i-Google ihlanganyele nabakwaSamsung ukuze bakhe amanye ama-flop amabili, i-Nexus S kanye ne-Galaxy. Ukungena kwayo kwakamuva emhlabeni wama-smartphone kwavela kubambisene nabakwa-LG okuveze i-Nexus 4, enye i-Nexus okungekho muntu oyithenga kakhulu.

Kodwa njengoba iMicrosoft yayifuna isabelo sayo semakethe yamathebulethi, kanjalo ne-Google, ngakho ngo-2011 yagxila ekuguquleni i-Android 3 yamaphilisi, kodwa umphumela waba inhlekelele kangangokuthi kwakhulunywa ngamathani amathebulethi e-Nexus agcwalisa izindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezisakazeke emhlabeni wonke. .

Ngo-2012, i-Google, ngokubambisana no-Asus, yaqhamuka nethebhulethi ye-Nexus 7, eyayiyimbi kangangokuthi ngisho nabalandeli be-Android be-die-hard bavuma ukuthi kwakuyihlazo enkampanini. Futhi nakuba ngo-2013 i-Google yalungisa ingxenye ebalulekile yamaphutha, ngeke kushiwo ukuthi noma ubani angawethemba amaphilisi ayo kakhulu.

Kodwa i-Google ayigcinanga ngokulandela iMicrosoft kumodeli yayo yesofthiwe enelayisensi kanye nokuphutha kwayo kokubili emkhakheni wama-smartphones kanye nasemkhakheni wamathebulethi, kodwa futhi ikopisha ngokwethembeka kuhlaka lokuthengwa kwenani eliningi.

Ngokukholelwa ukuthi i-Google izongena emakethe yezinsiza ezididiyelwe ngempumelelo njenge-Apple, yathenga i-Motorola Mobility ngo-2011 ngamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-12, kodwa yagcina ibize i-Google izigidigidi eziningi kakhulu kunalokho ebingakwazi ukuzenzela ekuthengeni.

Ngakho-ke kungashiwo ukuthi kuyamangaza ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezixakayo izinkampani ezifana neMicrosoft neGoogle ezithathayo nokuthi zisebenzisa izigidigidi ezingaki baba inkampani efana ne-Apple, noma ngabe wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi imodeli yesofthiwe enelayisensi kudala yafa.

Umthombo: AppleInsider.com

.